Defining Race and Ethnicity Essay

What do the terms race and ethnicity mean to you? Why are these concepts important to United States society? Race is usually defined by the color of a person’s skin such as black, or white. These words are used very frequently. Ethnicity is a more proper way to define us as people and usually refers to our cultural background/ancestry. For example: Africans, African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics. These concepts are important to the United States because of the diversity, and all walks of life, census plays a big role. Our ethnicity/race is what distinctively separates us from one another by groups. Also according to (Office Of Management and budget August 28,1995) In 1977, OMB issued the Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting that are set forth in Statistical Policy Directive No. 15. The standards in this Directive have been used for almost two decades throughout the Federal government for recordkeeping, collection, and presentation of data on race and Hispanic origin. The standards have been used in two decennial censuses and in surveys of the population, data collections necessary for meeting statutory requirements associated with civil rights monitoring and enforcement, and in other administrative program reporting. Data collection agencies have legislative authority to collect racial and ethnic data needed for Federal programs and in the case of the decennial census, for redistricting. They also use racial and ethnic data for analyses of social, economic, and health trends for population groups. Basically it is important for them to collect this info for federal, business, and statistical reasons. References: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_race-ethnicity

Department of Social Services

The national organization of caring for the values mostly given attention by the society today through voluntary services is that of the Department of Social Services. Likely, their existence in the society makes it easier for the entire human society within the communities that they serve to be able to garner the most basic commodities that they need for life. These commodities involve food and shelter as well as medication. Having them operate within the current tumultuous situations in the society makes the earth a more livable place.It is through this particular organization that the needs of people are given fine attention by the government. The Objectives of the Organization As a major organization that handles the needs of the society, the American Department of Social Services sees to it that the major issues about human needs in the society is well attended to. The said needs are divided into several points of concentration that involves the different divisions of people nee ding support in the society. The divisions are as follows: †¢ Child Foster Care Services †¢ Child Abuse and Neglect Services†¢ Family Support Services †¢ Elderly Assistance Services †¢ Health Care Services With these objectives in mind, the administration of the organization actually intends to make it certain that each division of the population in the society receives the attention that they need to be able to exist in the communities that they are living in. it is also the aim of this particular organization to handle the needs of immigrants transferring to the country who are usually in need of assistance with regards community familiarity as well as with their basic needs. The MissionAs noted earlier, the Department of Social Service particularly wants to extend help to special groups of people in the population of a certain society that they are involved in. With this mission in front of them, the organization constantly makes it certain that everythin g they have outlined to perform for their stakeholders, mainly the community, are seriously attended to at the appointed time as they themselves have scheduled. To attend to the needs of the target audience in the society is the main idea of the establishment of the said organization.Being funded by the government and assisted by commercial organizations, the organization’s mission of providing the society with the finest service that they deserve is not that hard to complete. The Issues Living in such a tumultuous society, finding somebody to ease the stresses and the pains brought about by the world indeed helps so much especially when it comes to facing the challenges of life. This is the reason why the existence of social workers and Non-government Organizations aiming to help the whole human population to cope up with life is an important factor considered whenever voluntary work is being discussed.With regards to social work, as the name of the job suggests itself, the main focus of NGO’s involved in social work is the social issues that are found in the human community. Because of this, they have continuously tried in alleviating the human systems of living through their assistance in the issues and problems that are mostly considered as the main reasons of stress and depression in the community. With issues on psychosocial difficulties emerging in the entire4 human community, the social workers have an important role when it comes to supporting the said people caught up in those situations hard to deal with as mentioned above.It is more often than not that the nature of social worker’s job is closely related to mediating between agencies and the clients needing their services and yet does not have any means or power to do so. According to the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) and the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), the main definition and role of social work in the society are as follows : â€Å"The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in humanRelationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well- being. Utilizing theories of human behavior and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work. † (The American Psychological Association) But although this is true of the main goals of social work, thee are still some certain important issues needed to be addressed within the systems of organization making up and bonding social workers together.One of the said issues is the existence f racial discrimination. This issue actually affects the social work systems both in and out of the organizations of social workers. Internally, this is naturally because of the fact that social workers are usually made up of people from different countries, cultures and races. In this way, some conflicts are pr esent because of the fact that each individual joining the social works are widely diverse and have different views on several points of concern within the social work.Externally, this issue is usually developed when social workers tend to chose the people they opt to help. With regards to this issue, several social workers as well as society experts have conducted studies and tried to solve the problems brought about by the issue within the systems of the organization in the social working tasks. The following paragraphs shall introduce the vital informations collected by the researchers regarding the said issue. Racial Discrimination and Its Effects to the Society Megacities are plagued by even more serious problems.Besides insufficient housing, overcrowded schools, and understaffed hospitals, psychological aspects are also involved. Dr. Paul Leyhausen, a leading German ethologist, claims that â€Å"a great number of neuroses and social maladjustments are, partially or totally, d irectly or indirectly, caused by overcrowding. † (1999, 12). Megacities rob their citizens of a sense of community, turning the city into a faceless mass of numbers. In the midst of hundreds of neighbors, a city dweller can be lonely, yearning for friends and companions he can find nowhere.The sense of alienation created by this situation becomes dangerous when it causes multinational populations to break up into racial or ethnic groups. Economic inequalities or acts of discrimination—real or imagined—can lead to disaster, as Los Angeles learned in 1992 when outbreaks of racial violence resulted in more than 50 deaths and 2,000 injuries (Leyhausen, 1999, 13). Indeed, racial discrimination is already considered as a social plague, affecting the whole world.And Along with this, the fact that the whole society of man is naturally diverse, even people who aims to help the society with their problems regarding the issues of social diversity also face the same challeng e of staying united amidst the changes they have against each other. Cities especially encounter the grave effects of the issues behind racial discrimination and according to the American Psychological Association, these dilemmas bring so much depression and stress to the population comprising the cities’ territories.This is also the main reason why behind the wonderful goals of social workers around the globe, issues such as racial discrimination brings them so much hindrance in getting their goals done for the society. As mentioned earlier, several researchers already worked on this topic and thus got considerably fine results regarding their studies. Through the use of surveys and interviews, a lot of the results of the studies were taken into conclusion.The following paragraphs shall discuss several ways in which racial discrimination has been proven as a part of the regular social work and yet had been continuously used by many social workers as an opportunity to bond to gether better than to simply get along with the flow of dispute brought about by the issue. In the Journal of Women and Social Work in an article entitled â€Å"What racial discrimination does to the social work society†, it has been mentioned that racial discrimination is indeed considered an organizational sickness especially when it comes to working ethics (Dinerman, 2005, 11).Usually, this issue of diversity causes a lot of problems within the system of assistance that social workers give to their fellowmen. It has been mentioned too that racial discrimination also sets the workers apart and drives them to choose who among the needy people should they help basing upon the cultural or racial qualification of the person to be helped. On the other hand, the British Association of Social Workers say otherwise, to them â€Å"racial discrimination is an opportunity opened to the social workers in showing their unity and bond beyond the cultural differences they have from each other (1999, 14).True, if the issue is carefully dealt with, racial discrimination could bring different people joined by an organization in a stronger bond. It may be considered an irony by many. However, because of the fact that the right ways of facing the dilemma had brought many social organizations more bonded together than separated by differences, it is really not impossible to make the issue of racial discrimination â€Å"a bridge to better opportunities of bonding with people from other cultures.Seeing differences as a positive factor in the society which sets the uniqueness of each individual in the entire human community† (British Association of Social Work, 1999, 12) is indeed a key factor in making racial diversity a successful aspect of the social organizations. The Role of Social Work in Discrimination Issues Through the use of adequate studies done by social work experts as discussed in this paper, racial discrimination is referred both as an asset and weakne ss of a social organization designed to help the people in the communities.It is more often than not though that the lack of effective ways in facing the challenges of racial discrimination to an organization, many social groups fail in controlling the dilemma of the issue. As Anne Rosegrant Alvarez mentioned in her Article â€Å"A look at cultural diversity† that proper handling of disputes regarding racial discrimination within social organizations bring considerably fine results for both the association and the individual performance of each member towards the fulfillment of their goals as a group (2006, 13).The following are the six ways in which social workers are able to control if not completely eliminate the dreadful effects of racial discrimination to organizations aiming to serve the community. As these six practices are implied within the rules and regulations of the organization in dealing within the organization and with the people in the community, the goals of the organization is observed to have easier ways in achieving their goals as a group.These practices are as follows: †¢ Having oriented as social equalizers, the social workers become more capable of handling disputes and controlling both their fellow social workers and themselves in dealing with social discrimination. †¢ Seeing everyone as a part of an important purpose in the society helps every social worker to work well with their colleagues as well as serve all people of all races amidst all the differences they have against others.†¢ Having the aim to give pure and undoubted service to everyone also allows the social worker to serve the people with purpose, disregarding the accent or the color of the skin of any person they ought to serve in the community. †¢ Being considerate with what the person needs and not where the person cam from is also an important factor to be considered by the social workers. As repeatedly mentioned, the main focus of social grou ps is to be of service to others, and failing to do such an aim is a betrayal to the profession.†¢ Having fair views of everyone may not be that easy, especially if the person has significant cultural background that has a negative impact on the other. However, if both parties would be able to consider the fact that social work is bounded by love for one’s fellowmen, the hatred brought about by discrimination could as well be covered by concern for others welfare. †¢ Making the best out of one’s time and neglecting unnecessary details about senseless things could as well help a social worker see the importance of doing â€Å"first things first.These means that prioritizing social service above all could drown the ideas of racial discrimination completely. (Source: Gutierez, 2006, Pp 4, 5). Indeed, considering the six major practices of ethical social service given by an excellent social worker to his or her fellow workers and to the people, gives a promising successful result of hard work for a certain social group. As clearly seen, the researches have been able to put concrete and relevant details down into writing for the benefit of the social workers in enhancing their servicing skills.These informations were taken into consideration since they are all sourced out from people who have actually put the principles of social work into practice in their own experiences of rendering services to other people. Having been able to see the importance of proper handling of racial disputes and racial discrimination in both internal and external setting of the relationship of the social workers to the community, it is also important to know how effective the practices mentioned above are when it comes to actual practice of social service operations.How the Implementation of Rightful Practices on Racial Discrimination Affects Social Work As mentioned earlier, the six practices which are designed to at least control racial discrimination within a nd outside the social groups, have been already applied by many social workers and were proven effective as they have observed the effects of the practices both on them, their organization and the community. In the book â€Å"International Perspectives on Social Work in Health Care: Past, Present and Future†, Auslander mentioned that: â€Å"the social practices around the world have been exceptionally developingduring the past few years. The fact that many social workers are already able to successfully work within a highly culturally diverse group, the level of excellence of social services provided internationally are known to have been developing as well† (1997, 16). Yes, because of the fact that many social workers already recognize the importance of racial equality in aiming for the best results of social services, the relationship between the community and the Non Government Organizations have been strongly enhanced during the past years.In this regard, it is sim ply rightful to say that as researchers of social work and racial discrimination have concluded, â€Å"the right handling of disputes give best results† (Feit, 2002, 3). Aside from this, it could also be said that in many cases, self-control and self-discipline helps a lot in the implication of equality within the activities of social work. The ability of a certain social crew to divert his thoughts of racial discrimination to a healthy thought of cultural respect of diversity naturally helps that worker to become fairer when it comes to his treatment towards his colleagues and the people of whom he serves.As obviously seen, the studies performed by the researchers and social work experts helps us understand the deeper issues which social workers have to face in their profession. It has been clearly shown though their works that racial discrimination is an expected source of dispute between colleagues in the social work systems. However, although this is the case, many social organizations still manage to deal with the problem and thus get considerably fine results for their hard work.It could also be added that in many ways, turning dispute into becoming a bridge towards a closer bond between the differences and uniqueness each person possesses compared to others helps a lot in making a peaceful and more concerned society to exist. (Hoefer, 2006, 18) Surely, the consequences of having been able to meet and survive the challenges of combating racial differences has a very great effect on how social groups deal with their communities.This is the reason why it is most advised by the researchers that further studies on the matter should be generated in an aim of further increasing the capability and the credibility of social groups in providing social help. Conclusion and Recommendations Although a lot of studies regarding the matter of social work and racial discrimination have already been commenced and finished, it would still be helpful to continuously search for possible ways in which social groups could combat the negative effects of racial discrimination to the goals of the organizations.In this way, it would also be advisable to look deeper on the reason why racial discrimination is present in the society. In this way, the roots of the issue could be traced and solved at the same time, making it possible for social workers to do their duties to the community without being hindered by discriminating ideas and cultural differences. True, as great as social work is when it comes to serving the community, so are the issues that are arising within the groups or organizations of such kind. Yes, issues on racial discrimination could be considered as a hindrance to the social worker’s fulfillment of their goals.Yet, an effective and strategic way of facing the challenges placed by the dilemma could help in even developing the servicing skills of the social workers further as they are forced to discipline their thoughts as well as their acts when it comes to facing the issue of struggling through with social differences. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: Ruth Crocker. (1992). Social Work and Social Order: The Settlement Movement in Two ndustrial Cities, 1889-1930. University of Illinois Press. Lena Robinson. (1995). Psychology for Social Workers. Routledge; 1 edition. Anna Metteri.(2005). Social Work Visions From Around The Globe: Citizens, Methods, And Approaches (The Social Work in Health Care Series). Haworth Social Work. James G. Daley. (2006). Advances in Social Work: Special Issue on The Futures of Social Work. Trafford Publishing. Nancy Elizabeth Sullivan. (2002). Social Work With Groups: Social Justice Through Personal, Community, and Societal Change. Haworth Press. Richard Hugman. (1995). Ethical Issues in Social Work (Professional Ethics). Routledge; 1 edition. John S. Wodarski. (1996).Cultural Diversity and Social Work Practice. C. C. Thomas; 2nd edition. Journal Articles: Miriam Dinerman. (2005). â€Å"Wha t racial discrimination does to the social work society†. Journal of Women and Social Work. Yeshiva University. British Association of Social Workers. (September 1999). â€Å"Working beyond racial diversity†. British Journal of Social Work. Anne Rosegrant Alvarez. (Volume 14 Number 1 spring 2006). â€Å"A look at cultural diversity†. Journal of Community Practice. Lorraine Gutierez. (Volume 14 Number 2 spring 2006). â€Å"Making things work†. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity. University of Texas Arlington.Marvin D. Feit. (Volume 15 Number 3 August 2002). â€Å"How the society behaves†. Journal of Human Behavior and Social Environment. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Richard Hoefer. (Volume 5 Number 1 Spring 2006) â€Å"Effective Despite Differences† . Social Policy Journal. University of Texas, Arlington. Paul Leyhausen. (1999). â€Å"The big cities, the big differences†. Journal on Ethnology. University of Tennessee, Knoxv ille. American Psychological Association. (1990). â€Å"The cost of social work†. Psychology Journal. American Psychological Association.

Everyday Use: A Question of Quilts Essay

In Everyday Use, Alice Walker presents the reader with two sisters who are as different as two sisters could ever be. They have very little in common, and in fact they think, walk, stand, and talk, so differently that strangers would not take them for sisters. They differ in a more significant way in terms of the themes of the story, too. Dee and Maggie have very different ideas about their heritage and their culture, and the part that culture plays in their lives. Only one sister can be right when it comes to culture and the question of who should get Mama’s quilts, and in this case, Maggie is more deserving, because she has a much more complete understanding of her culture and heritage than Dee does. Even though they have grown up in the same home, Maggie and Dee have very different values in terms of the way they see their culture. To Dee, culture is something that she has only recently discovered has been taken from her. Maggie, however, does not feel that her culture has been lost. She lives in her family home, with family objects around her, and culture is something she lives each and every day. Dee rejected her family and left home as soon as she was able, and never realized that she was leaving culture behind her. Even the quilts are proof of this—Dee does not even know who made them, whereas Maggie does know, and she was even taught to quilt by the women who made the quilts they are fighting over. Maggie, therefore, has a much better understanding of the fact that culture and family are inseparable. A second important aspect of this issue is family. Maggie and Dee see their family very differently. For Maggie, family is something to remember and be proud of, and she loves and honors her mother and other family members. Dee visits her family only because they have something she wants, and even as an adult she still believes that she is better than her family. She seems to have always considered herself superior, trying to improve their minds with knowledge that they â€Å"didn’t necessarily need to know†, and then later she says that â€Å"no matter where they ‘choose’ to live† she will try to see them. This implies that Dee would prefer them to live elsewhere—perhaps in a better area or in a place that is more convenient for her to visit. Dee seems to be ashamed of her family, but Maggie has never left them, and she has learned all about her heritage from her family members. The third is the use each sister will put the quilts to. Dee wants them to hang on a wall and look at. She seems to think they will â€Å"prove† that she has regained her cultural heritage. She does not understand that she could have had it all along if she had wanted to. Maggie will actually use the quilts for the purpose they were intended, and she knows that the quilts represent a link to her family as well as to her culture. Maggie and Dee fight over the quilts because they represent different things to each of them. For many reasons, Maggie deserves to have them more than Dee does. Maggie is the sister who understands and accepts that family, culture, and the quilts are all linked together and are all part of the heritage that Dee rejected.

Evaluate a recent Entrepreneurial Venture - Yo shushi Essay

Evaluate a recent Entrepreneurial Venture - Yo shushi - Essay Example This report is an effort to analyse and evaluate the strategic framework of the company in light with the respective academic models. At the end a conclusion has been inferred from the discussion with a reflection on the entire report. Summary Background of Yo-Sushi Globalization has affected people’s lifestyles and their food habits. People have become more open to different cultural diversity and they have also started to taste the foods of different origin and culture. In UK, the Japanese based food items are being very popular and entrepreneurs have found business opportunities due to growing interest of Japanese foods in UK. Yo-Sushi is a UK-based restaurant chain and it is being very popular for its Japanese fast food items especially for sushi. Simon Woodroffe, the founder of Yo-Sushi, was able to identify the increasing demand of Japanese foods in UK during mid of 1990s and hence, he opened first restaurant of Yo-Sushi in 1997. Sushi is a famous Japanese dish made of v inegared rice with sea-foods. The Sushi bars are famous in Japan as ‘kaiten’ that offer food to consumers through a conveyor belt and Yo-Sushi follows this concept of business in the UK and other global market. Gradually, this business concept became very famous among the UK consumers, and by the end of 1998, Yo-Sushi trade mark was registered. Woodroffe realized the growing demand of his new business idea in UK and he opened the first restaurant of Yo-Sushi in 1999 (Intellectual Property Office-a, 2006). Soon, Yo-Sushi became a big brand in UK as many people started queued around the Yo-Sushi restaurants for experiencing the traditional Japanese taste. It has experienced a very rapid expansion and achieved an upper hand position in the market for Japanese food. For further business expansion, the organisation inspired other supermarkets and food retailers to stock and sell packaged sushi offered by Yo-Sushi (Yo-Sushi-a, 2011). Yo-Sushi offers value added services to it s consumers, and considering the requirements of consumers, its services includes dine in, takeaway and delivery. Sushi is the core brand product for Yo-Sushi but it has also introduced other popular Japanese food items that includes â€Å"delicious soups, rice or noodle-based dishes, salads, tempura and even hot classics like Chicken Katsu Curry, Salmon Teriyaki or Yakisoba noodles† (Yo-Sushi-a, 2011). The key success factor of Yo-Sushi is the innovative ideas and great leadership. Prior to starting the Venture of Yo-Sushi, Simon Woodroffe had been working in entertainment business for 30 years. He used to design and stage concerts and his services were very famous for his innovative ideas. He was very efficient in understating people’s preferences and tastes and hence, he used his expertise and entrepreneurial skills in business for establishing Yo-Sushi. His plausible leadership quality and entrepreneurial skills made Yo-Sushi a famous brand in UK and in other marke t places (Intellectual Property Office-b, 2007). Currently, Yo-Sushi has gained 11 years of successful business in the global market place. It has expanded its business in the UK market as well as in global market. Moscow, Dublin and Middle East countries like Dubai, Kuwait etc are the major international market for Yo-Sushi. This fast food restaurant is led by efficient leaders and teams. Yo-Sushi is a privately held company owned by â€Å"

Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Case - Assignment Example Cineplex had the advantage to show specialty movies, in particular foreign art films that could not be shown in large theaters with reasonable profit margin. The basic purpose of existence of Cineplex was not to compete with the large theaters but to develop a new market that to some extent does not exist. All the screens in the Cineplex presented a compelling picture of profit margins that show a success of the newly developed idea. After the comeback from the verge of bankruptcy Drabinsky has the possession over one of the North America’s major theater chains. The market was diversifying at that time and TV channels were eating the market share by showing the movies with the comfort of home. Drabinsky was concerned with this situation and decided to change the perception of moviegoers by enhancing the movie going experience in theaters. The enhancements were brought regarding the renovation of theaters. At first the uniformly drab design of Cineplex was abandoned that was common in most theater chains, introduced the art work in the lobbies, lush woolen carpet spread over the marble floors of theater and also incurred some other changes in the physical structure of theater. The screening auditorium featured scientifically countered seats, digital background music, and state of the art projection systems. One more new idea was introduced; it was real buttered popcorn in the concession stands and cafes th at offered freshly brewed cappuccino. With the introduction of such changes in its theaters, Drabinsky changed the face of film exhibition. This stand gave a sustained competitive advantage for a long time to the Cineplex. Drabinsky continuously focused on innovations and new ideas implementation in the business structure. He was always looking to increase the power of the company by consistent increase in the market share, new market development or market expansion etc. Continuously increasing market share was his main concern. Drabinsky had

The Black Death 1348-1350 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Black Death 1348-1350 - Research Paper Example Epidemics similar to the Black Death have followed over the centuries. The Great Plague of 1665 was also akin to the Black Death and led to the deaths of around 15-20 percent of the populationi. The controversies around the Black Death’s causes and effects bring out the historical significance of the pandemic in more than one way. Causes The deaths during the second pandemic (The Black Death) were brought about by an epidemic which entailed appearance of sore swelling of lymph nodes in different parts of the human body (especially armpits and groin). High fever followed this and caused deaths rapidly. The epidemic was supposedly caused by black rat fleas and popularly known as the Bubonic plague. The initial belief about the endogenous nature of the Black Death does not hold true in the modern time. Rather, scientists have detected some external pathogen, a rod shaped bacteria called Yersinia pestis as the responsible factor. A Swiss biologist Alexandre Yersin identified this in 1894, much after the plague had mercilessly cut down the population of Europeii. Yersin also concluded that rodents and insect vectors spread this bacterium amongst human beings. The particular flea which causes this disease is known as xenopsylla cheopisiii. Despite the differences in opinions amongst historians, they agreed on some common points while analyzing the factors behind the Black Death. During the High Middle Ages, Europe was undergoing a persistent population growth along with almost disease-free society. Apart from this, innovations and advancements in technological and agricultural fields, Europe also managed some political stability which brought about a decrease in invasion. This provided a perfect environment for the increase in population from 25 million to 75 million (from 950 to 1250) and a rapid urbanization or development of townsiv. Despite all, a majority of wealth came from the land and its produce. The advancements made in agricultural techniques led to improvements in soil and seed quality and therefore, brought about better cultivation. The Medieval Europe reached the peak of development during 1200-1250. From 1250 onwards some changes took place and environmental or climatic changes were significant among these. According to historians understanding these changes were important to observe the impact on pre-modern society. The movements of glaciers and pollens indicate an improvement in this respect till early thirteenth centuryv. This situation of â€Å"little optimum†vi enabled all round development in political, social and economic arenas. But the environment grew colder gradually and this affected agriculture. Even trade was hampered and hence supply of foodstuffs became scarce. High fertility rates and continuous population growth worsened the situation. The surplus in food production built over the years began to fall. While the environment grew colder and wetter, a severe Malthusian crisis emerged in Europe which w as growing economically poorvii. Food prices also began to increase and conditions of peasants worsened under pressure from the landlords. However the population of peasants began to increase owing to low mortality rates and absence of any killing disease. Crop failures and famines pursued. As food crops became scarce, people began to live more on livestock. Unhealthy eating habits

Proposed Sources, Strategy, and Method for Project Essay

Proposed Sources, Strategy, and Method for Project - Essay Example The paper will discuss the rationale behind the choices of recruitment and sampling methods. It will also describe permissions required for use of the data collected and determine a suitable sample size. The paper will also discuss the various strengths and weaknesses of the tentative recruitment strategy and sampling method. In formulating a research proposal, a researcher has to define the kind of data to be collected so as to give accurate results. The researcher needs to employ a data sampling method. Once the type of data required has been defined, data sources must be identified. These data sources may include research participants who need to be recruited for the research. The research requires a suitable recruitment strategy to get the suitable research participants. As suggested by Adler and Clark (2010), data that pertains to the financial performance of corporate companies would be sourced through financial statements of listed companies. They would also be sourced from other financial publications like minutes to General Meetings, magazines and newspaper articles as well as stocks listings. Meta-analysis of past quantitative research with a sample size of 1000 observations will be another data source. Surveys, interviews and portfolios of the companies will also serve as data sources. A survey will be conducted, with questionnaires sent to participants via mail and follow-up calls made to encourage response. Following examples by Teddlie and Tashakkori (2009), the research’s sampling frame will include corporate managers in the public relations, marketing, accounting and finance departments. They would represent companies listed on the stock exchange as these companies’ financial records are accessible to the public. A survey questionnaire would be sent to the specific manager by mail. A cover letter would be included that explains the need for the research and what the respondent is

Compare the spread of Christianity to the spread of Islam in Africa Essay - 7

Compare the spread of Christianity to the spread of Islam in Africa south of the Sahara - Essay Example Muslims will vote for a politician who shares their religious belief and who will expect that those in power should open the door to those in need. The Pentecostal Christianity spreading in South Africa has been labeled the â€Å"religion of prosperity,† promising financial success by virtue of becoming a Christian—without having to hike to the nearest emir and beg for one’s cause.The Muslim community held a different power over non-Muslims, who were also non-Christians, in more remote regions. The Muslim community traditionally forced them into slavery. The alternative was to join up with one religion or the other. Pentecostalism represents most of the Christian conversion because it is spirit-based and their ecstatic form of worship is easily embraced by South Africans. Initially, jihad in southern Africa took the form of infighting between Muslim communities, at issue over whose religion was the purer. Likewise, the Pentecostal churches frequently split and er ect new churches. As new churches crop up, it appears that Christianity is spreading and eradicating the Muslim community. This creates fear, and reprisal, between Muslims and Christians over an illusion.

Research Methods Paper- Explore either Attraction or Procrastination Essay

Research Methods Paper- Explore either Attraction or Procrastination - Essay Example In particular, this research would dwell on the influence of physical looks in developing a romantic relationship. The study would use the normative survey technique under descriptive method of research. Descriptive normative survey is a fact finding study which goes beyond mere gathering and tabulation of data. This approach attempts to establish norms or standards based on a wide class of survey data. In addition, it is used to collect demographics data about people’s behavior, practices, intentions, beliefs, attitudes, opinions, and judgments. Since this research is concerned with commonality of some elements, the researchers would be able to gather adequate and accurate interpretations on the attitudes of young people’s valuing of physical looks when engaging in a romantic relationship. The survey method was chosen for this project since it is an inexpensive way of collecting even a large amount of data. However, a survey can also be a failure if the questionnaire is poorly constructed and the implementation of the survey was not well monitored. Also, participants may have ambivalent answers when confronted with an answer choice. It must also be taken into account that bias can also occur when the sampling is not properly considered. Nevertheless, the survey method would best fit the needs of this research since the subjects are high school students and their perception cannot be quantified. The instrument that would be used to collect data is the questionnaire. This was chosen because it gathers data faster than any other method. Besides, the respondents are high school students 13-16 who could easily read the questionnaires with ease and full privacy. Also, this method is easy to use for a large number of participants and can be arranged and quantified since it supplies standardized answers. Each question would be assigned a numerical code to ease the

Engineering ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Engineering ethics - Essay Example As such, the disaster was a result of an engineering oversight arising from the underestimation on the strength and capability of the lift slab. Every major constructions have a core pillar, the pillar that traverses the entire length of the building offering a core for the inclusion of the elevator is always a determining factor on the strength of the building. The L’Ambiance Plaza was to have two of such pillars in the form of rectangular pillars at both ends of the building. The collapse occurred when the intense pressure placed on the west tower proved overwhelming. Apparently, construction on the west wing of the building had reached the eight floor with slabs for the successive three floor slabs placed at stage IV directly over the twelfth floor. This resulted in the placement of intense stress on the pillar thereby instigating the collapse. At the time of collapse, workers were in the floors below completing various categories of construction work in different floors be low the roof. Twenty-eight of the workers died instantly as the floors buried them. The ninth, tenth and eleventh floor slabs caved in with the crane through the west pillar, the stress caused by the western side of the building intensified the pressure on the eastern wing thereby resulting in the collapse of the entire building. The entire building eventually collapsed thereby compounding the loss of capital at the site of construction. More alarmingly was the fact that the entire building collapsed in less than six seconds.

Meaning of life - Soul Essay Example for Free

Meaning of life Soul Essay Personhood Chart This chart contains a grid for different philosophical anthropologies that answer the question of personhood. Complete the following chart in the context of defining what it means to be human according to Christianity, Materialism, and your own Personal View. Refer to the assigned reading for explanation of characteristics listed on the left. Christianity Materialism Personal View Relational God created human beings to live in community. When people lose that sense of love and belonging, they lose their meaning and purpose in life. God created family and the neighbor to be provide the human with the relationship needed for hope and healing. In order to carry out production and exchange, people have to enter into very definite social relations, most fundamentally production relations. Relationships with others should be based off of the materials in which they can provide you with the benefit a person the most. I believe everyone steps into our lives for one reason or another- either good or bad and we need to be the ones to differentiate between the two. Each relationship provides us with a sense of love and understanding on the purpose of our life. Multidimensional There is a vibrant sense of the person in relationship to God and the world through the bodily senses and functions. The body, soul, mind, spirit and even the various body parts are expressions of the wholeness that is the human self. Humans are material objects. They are not immaterial things, or objects, or substances; neither do they contain as parts immaterial selves or souls or entelechies. Their parts are material: flesh and bones and blood, molecules, atoms, electrons. A human is more than a corpse. We are multidimensional and each dimension is important in who we are and how we act in society. Â © 2015. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. Sexual Jesus showed us that we are sexual beings. Sexuality encompasses the physical, emotional and spiritual aspects of our being. Man and women are supposed to stay faithful to each other and not commit adultery. It is believed to be a physical act between two individuals that creates energy and may result in the creation of a child through scientific means. Sexual behavior affects not only a person’s physical health but also self- image, interpersonal relationships and relationship with God and others. Moral We should choose to act based on good thinking, Scripture and prayer, and the Holy Spirit helps us discern the right alternatives. God knows our intentions are to please him and desire the best moral outcomes for all. The brain and body are a dynamic system interacting with the environment. There is no non- physical entity which could take credit or blame for the outcome of our actions. We learn our morals through trial and error as well as through the relationships we have with others. If we surround ourselves with ethically individuals we too with be ethical. Mortal We are mortals, but God has given us eternal life in Jesus Christ. We die, and yet we live. Poor stewardship of the life God has given us may well exacerbate the death and decay that surround us In order for human beings to survive and continue existence from generation to generation, it is necessary for them to produce and reproduce the material requirements of life Mortality is unavoidable yet difficult. Once someone dies their soul will either go to Heaven or to Hell. Destined for Eternal Life Destined for eternal life: Eternal life is the life one lives after death. By death the soul is separated from the body, but in the resurrection God will give incorruptible life to our body, transformed by reunion with our soul There is no such thing as eternal life. Life begins when the heart starts beating and ends with the heart stops beating. I believe that those who believe will live an eternal life and that those who do not will not. 2 References Plantinga, Alvin. (2010) Materialism and Christian Belief. Retrieved from http://www. andrewmbailey. com/ap/Materialism_Christian_Belief. pdf Shelly, J. , Miller, A. (2006). Called to care: A Christian worldview for nursing (2nd ed. ). Downers Grove, Ill. : IVP Academic/Intervarsity Press.

Speech Intros Essay Example for Free

Speech Intros Essay Keating The purpose of PJ Keatings speech as Prime minister of Australia in 1992 was to encourage Aboriginal People and their supporters to have confidence in a future that would allow them to participate in Australian life to the same extent as other Australians. Keating begins his speech with the conceit that we have committed ourselves to succeeding in the test, which so far we have always failed. Keating continues by using the motif of the test in a direct manner using economical language. To develop his theme of failure to care fore indigenous Australians he suggests that this needs to be addressed and explains idiomatically that by doing so we will truly be the land of the fair go. Geraldine Brooks Geraldine Brooks lecture a home in fiction reflects upon the pleasures of fiction and its importance in our lives. She uses her experience as a foreign correspondent to explain how she graduated from being a journalist unto her role of fiction writes The tone is reflected as she begins her speech with a personal anecdote about maths lecture that she attended. She was immediately transfixed on the terror of the lecture describing it like poetry. She then embellishes the idea with a series of metaphors describing her responses to the maths lecture as a sudden brief shaft of light. This suggests the revelation she felt when she caught a glimpse of the beauty of mathematics where every object sang to her with its own particular music. This lyrical prose allows her audience to share a pivotal moment, when mathematics assumed a greater purpose in her life. Brooks knows that she lacks the expertise to respond to the world and reflects that metaphorically, she swims in a sea of words and his is how she pushes into the full truth of the world. She describes her writing in the extended metaphor of the woodshed and that her experience as a  journalist had given her some durable tools. She continues by referring to writing as a craft where words are stones and the book is a wall and this demonstrates the laborious process of being an author. As she develops her theme i.e. the creating of fiction and its importance she refers to her research here is unearths the voices of the unheard. Thats is the reference in history to the labor of the illiterate. She uses these references to build her stories because she believes fiction matters and says I know is has power.

Demand For Electricity

Demand For Electricity INTRODUCTION If future demand for electricity is to be matched by adequate supply, then it is essential that models are built for estimating accurately, what the future demand for electricity is likely to be. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary that the factors affecting electricity demand are clearly indentified and quantified. It is even more crucial in the case of energy industries because, future energy demand requires investment spending today (due to their huge capital investment requirement and long lead time).[1] In other words, if a country should underestimate its future electricity demand, then it would most likely not make adequate capital investment in the present time which would then result in a shortage of electricity supply (when compared to demand) in the future. One of the most influential factors affecting the demand for electricity is the price of electricity.[2] The price of electricity has since been incorporated into the majority of electricity demand models.[3] This paper tries to examine the effects of the price of electricity in the UK on its own electricity demand. The focus here is to determine the price elasticity of demand for the period 1980-2008 (annual time series data) by the use of a loglinear regression model. The research paper will take the following format. Chapter one is the introduction, chapter two will be the literature review, chapter three will focus on the modelling approach and data analysis and chapter four will be the conclusion and findings. LITERATURE REVIEW Price Elasticity According to economic theory there is an inverse relationship between the price of energy and the quantity of energy demanded. As energy prices rise the quantity of energy demanded falls and vice versa. Given that all other factors are held constant[4]. Economic theory further postulates that the demand for energy is not as responsive to the changes in energy prices as compared to other commodities that are more responsive to their individual prices[5]. Economists define price elasticity as consumers sensitivity to price changes or the degree of responsiveness of changes in quantity demanded to changes in prices and is given by the formula below as: Since price elasticity is the ratio of two percentages, we therefore do not express it in any unit. Price elasticities are usually negative this is due to the inverse relationship between demand and price. Demand elasticities are mainly of two types which are; elastic and inelastic. If the values of elasticity of demand fall within the absolute values of 0 to 1 then demand is said to be inelastic and this can be interpreted thus as a change in price results in a less than proportionate change in quantity demanded. On the other hand if the values of elasticity of demand equals to the absolute value of one or above one, then demand is said to be elastic. In the case where elasticity of demand is equal to the absolute value of 1, it is interpreted as; a change in price leads to a proportionate change in quantity demanded. If the elasticity of demand is greater than the absolute value of 1 then it is interpreted thus as: a change in price results in a more than a proportionate change in quantity demanded. For example in the inelastic range, if price increases by 10 percent on a commodity with a price elasticity of -0.3 then the demand for the good falls by only 3 percent. However, in the case of the elastic range, a commodity with an elasticity of -2.0 would face a fall in demand of 20 percent, if price was to increase by 10 percent. This relationship can be further illustrated in the figure below. Figure 1: Relationship of supply and demand with two demand curves Figure 1 shows a supply curve (S1) and two demand curves which have different elasticities of demand (D1 and D1). D1 is more elastic than D1 (i.e. less steeper). At equilibrium, the supply curve S1, with both demand curves D1 and D1, have a common equilibrium price and quantity at P1 and Q1.Now, let us now assume that the supply curve shifts to the left due to say an increase in the cost of production (i.e. the price of coal used to generate electricity). Then, the new equilibrium point will depend on the nature of the demand curve that is used as shown in figure 2. If the demand curve is relatively elastic at (D1), then prices will rise and demand will fall by a much larger amount when compared to the more inelastic demand curve (D1). Note here that with the inelastic demand curve, the price and quantity demanded (P2 and Q2) are much larger than in the case of a more elastic demand curve at (P2 and Q2). In reality this can be explained by the fact that, if the demand for a commodity is inelastic then, any increase in costs (for example generation costs as mentioned above) can easily be passed on to the consumers without much reduction in supply, hence the larger price. On the other hand if the demand for the commodity were to be elastic then only a much smaller portion of the cost increase would be passed on to the consumer. Figure 2: Shows the effects of a shift in the Supply Curve We can also see the effects of a shift in the demand curve on price and quantity. If we assume that demand curves were to shift outward to the right (i.e. increases) from (D1 to D2) and (D1 to D2) while supply is held constant then with a more elastic demand curve the equilibrium price and quantity (P2 and Q2) would be much lower than if demand were to be inelastic (i.e. P2 and Q2). Figure 3: Effects of a shift in the Demand Curve From the three above illustrations it is quite clear that the resulting impact of changes in supply or demand on equilibrium price and quantity will vary in accordance to the nature of product elasticity. Price elasticities can be used to show how consumer demand responds to changes in price as well as the ease at which individuals can switch over to a substitute, when commodity prices go up. A consumer who has a fixed income has three options of responding to price changes in the short term; (a the consumer can switch over to a substitute; b) they can purchase less of the commodity without any additional purchase of a substitute; or (c he or she can still buy the same quantity of good while reducing his or her consumption of other commodities that make up their total expenditure. In the case of electricity the degree at which it can be substituted is very limited. Electricity can be used mainly for heating, lightening or a wide range of electric appliances such as (computers, television sets, printers, irons etc.). In the case of heating, a consumer may substitute the use of electricity for natural gas (and in the case of less developed countries may even substitute it for it for kerosene or firewood). However, the consumer also has the option of switching over to an appliance that uses a more energy conserving source. For end uses such as power supply for television sets, electricity has no substitutes. The consumer also has the option of purchasing a more efficient television set and maintaining the same level of service while using less electricity. Replacing appliances such as television sets may involve the change of a relatively expensive appliance and as such would take some time to do so. Since, this will involve a first initial capital outlay which i n turn depends on the income of the consumer, frequency of wage payment and payment of bills schedules etc. The time period required by consumers to substitute a relatively expensive appliance in response to higher energy prices is usually referred to as the long-run adjustment time period. On this the basis of this analysis, it is expected that the price elasticity of demand is usually inelastic in the short run and more elastic in the long run. This is because in the short run the consumers options of responding to higher electricity prices are limited i.e. he is restricted to reactions such as, reducing his or her level of appliance utilisation (for example running the heater for lesser hours of the day) or reducing his expenditure on other commodities to maintain the same level of electricity consumption. In the long run however, his options of responding to high energy prices are increased compared to the options he had in the short run. In the long run the consumer can fully respond to price changes by the purchase of appliances that are more efficient and/or the purchase of appliances that use a cheaper energy source. That is why in the long run elasticities tend toward a more elastic range than in the short run. Earlier Literature on Price Elasticity of Electricity Demand Earlier literature on electricity demand has revealed that the price elasticity of demand for electricity is relatively inelastic in the short run and tend to be relatively more elastic in the long run. The previous works written on price elasticity of demand are far too much to be fully discussed in this research. Therefore we shall focus on only the summary of a few. Taylor (1975) wrote one of the first literatures on electricity demand surveys. After carrying out reviews on various existing studies of commercial, industrial and residential electricity demand, he reported the following: (a in the case of residential demand for electricity, short term price elasticity ranged from -0.13 to -0.90 while long run price elasticities ranged from near 0 to -2.0. In the case of commercial demand, price elasticities were valued at -0.17 for the short run and -1.36 for the long run[7]. Boone kamp (2007) using the bottom up model on an annual data series for the period 1990-2000 reported that the household long term price elasticity ranged from -0.09 to 0.13[8]. Pouris (1987) conducted an analysis for the elasticity of demand for electricity for South Africa using data for the period (1950-1983) and determined that the long term price elasticity of electricity demand for the period was -0.90.[9] Bjoner and Jensen (2002) using a loglinear fixed effects model on panel data for the period of (1983-1996) discovered that short term price elasticity to be -0.479.[10] Filippini and Pachuari (2002) using a loglinear model on a monthly household panel data series discovered that the household short term price elasticity for electricity ranged from -0.16 to 0.39.[11] Zimmerman and Bohi (1984) carried out a detailed review of existing studies of energy demand. They reported that general consensus figures for residential price elasticity of electricity were -0.2 in the short run and -0.7 in the long run. The range of estimates in commercial electricity was too volatile to provide any consensus on values.[12] Al Faris (2002) used an error correction model to estimate short term price elasticity for UAE, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Bahrain to range from-0.04 to- 0.18.[13] The analysis carried out was based on an annual time series data for the period 1970-1997. Garcia Cerruti (2000) calculated the price elasticity for residential demand for electricity in California to have an estimated mean value of -0.17.[14] In summary, earlier literature show that price elasticity of electricity demand are normally inelastic in the short run and tends to be more elastic in the long run. However, on the whole price elasticity of electricity demand are usually inelastic (i.e. the absolute value of the co-efficient of price elasticity is usually below 1). MODELLING APPROACH AND DATA ANALYSIS According to Lin (2003)[15] he identified that there were three major factors affecting the demand for electricity in any country which were, electricity prices (tariff), GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and population. He went further to say that there were other factors as well contributing to the price of electricity which varied with different countries. Such factors includes nature of weather (i.e. people tend to use more electricity for heating purposes during cold seasons than in hot seasons) and changes in the structure of the economy. Pouris (1987)[16] identified the two major factors affecting the demand for electricity as price and GDP. Using the common independent variables identified by both Lin and Pouris, we have the following model; Log EDt = a + b1LogPEt + b2 LogYt + µEquation Where: EDt = Total electricity demand in period in a given year (Gwh) PEt = Average price of electricity in constant terms for a given year ( £/Kwh) Yt = GDP of country for period t in constant Billion Pounds a = Constant b1 =Price elasticity of electricity demand b2 =Income elasticity of electricity demand  µ= Disturbance term (represents all other factors affecting the demand for electricity) We use the log functional form because it enables us easily determine the price elasticity for electricity demand which is the regression coefficient of price. The price elasticity of demand for electricity is also assumed to be constant.[17] The data used for the period is in constant terms and aggregated at the national level. We express our data in constant terms because we would like to take out the effects of inflation. The data used is aggregated at a national level because it tends to provide a more stable relationship between independent and dependent variables. Pouris (1987)[18] cited Ehrenbergs (1975)[19] work in which he (Ehrenberg) argued that the advances in physical sciences are to a great extent due to the fact that simple relationships (laws) are achievable because they usually account for the collective behaviour of million entities. Pouris (1987) then argued further that, the success of finding laws in social sciences would be in likely areas where behaviour of large individuals or objects can be aggregated. From the above table we can see that the price elasticity of demand for electricity (for the UK) is approximately -0.15 which agrees with economic theory that; (a elasticities of demand are inversely related to price as shown by the negative coefficient of price elasticity and (b price elasticity of demand for electricity tends to be inelastic i.e. having an absolute value below one. Also we do not reject the result due to the high R2 = 0.9688 (co-efficient of determination) and the fact that the result is statistically significant i.e. the absolute t values for real GDP and real electricity prices are above 2. While their (real GDP and real electricity prices) P values are below 5%. The table below shows the data (for U.K.) used in carrying out the regression analysis. The demand for electricity data and average electricity prices were sourced from the Economic and Social Data Services (ESDS) website. While the Real GDP and Consumer prices were obtained from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) website CONCLUSION/FINDINGS The price elasticity of electricity demand for the period (2008-2020) is about -0.15, which is consistent with economic theory that the co-efficient of price elasticities tend to have negative values and that the price elasticities for electricity tend to be inelastic. If we assume that the price elasticity for all organization and individuals in the U.K. lies close to this value (-0.15) and is constant through out time, then such information could have various implications for the economy. Firstly, an inelastic demand for electricity, would mean that there would be little or no government intervention required on the supply side (existing producers and suppliers) to ensure that producers and suppliers of electricity are able to breakeven (recover costs from generated revenue). This is because an inelastic demand for electricity (with respect to price) would mean that whenever there is an increase in demand and producers have to increase their supply in order to match the rising demand, the costs associated with increasing supply can easily be passed on to the consumer. As such, the government could be able to focus on other activities such as the provision and maintenance of public roads, hospital, and schools. Secondly, it would enable the government easily achieve renewable energy targets set in the power generating sector, due to the fact that the potential increases in costs arising from setting renewable energy targets can easily be transferred to the consumer (due to inelastic nature of electricity demand). The government should however ensure that the targets are set in a fair main manner such that the impact of the targets are felt by all power generators in a similar way and that no undue advantage is given to any one single producer due to the implementation of such targets. Furthermore the government should ensure that the targets are set in such a way that it does not increase tariffs too much so that consumers cannot easily afford their bills. Which in turn would then reduce demand drastically (since the consumers in the short run have the option of turning of their appliances) and hence, adversely affect supply as producers may not be able to recover all their fixed cost. If t his effect (rising prices drastically affecting demand) is unavoidable then the government should adopt policies that could assist in improving the disposable income of its citizens. BIBLIOGRAPHY PRIMARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES Books Articles Bin Lin Q. (2003) Electricity Demand in the Peoples Republic of China: Investment Requirement and Environmental Impact at, www.adb.org/Documents/ERD/Working_Papers/wp037.pdf (Last Visited on 26th of April 2010) Mark A. Bernstein and James Griffin (2005) page 2: Regional Differences in the Price-Elasticity of Demand for Energy Pittsburgh U.S.A.: Rand Corporation Mark Lijesen G. The Real-Time Price Elasticity of Electricity in Science Direct Energy Economics 29 (2007) 251 Elsevier at, www.wlsevier.com/locate/eneco (Last Visited on 26th of April 2010) Pindyck 1979, The Characteristics of Energy Demand, in Energy Conservation and Public Policy , (Ed.)J. Sawhill Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Pouris A. (1987) The Price Elasticity of Electricity Demand in South Africa at, http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a739318120 (Last Visited April 2010) Others Bohi, D. (1981) Analysing Demand Behavior A Study of Energy Elasticities, John Hopkins University Press for the Future Inc., Baltimore Ehrenberg A. (1975) Data Reduction: Analysing and Interpreting Statistical Data, Wiley-Interscience, London. Kotze, D. and Cooper, C. (1985) Energy Projections for South Africa, Institute of Energy Studies, Rand Afrikaans University, RSA. Venter, G and Basson, J. (1986) Quo-Vadis, National Non-Nuclear Energy Research in South Africa, Paper Presented in the South African National Committee of World Energy Conference, CSIR Pretoria 9-10, June. Lead Time and Costs EIA/DOE Electricity Market Model (2010) at, www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/assumption/pdf/electricity.pdf (Last Visited April 2010) Subhes B. and Andon B. (unpublished): Domestic Demand for Petroleum Products in MENA countries at, http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/gateway/index.php?category=13 (Last Visited on 26th April 2010) Website Economics and Social Data Services website at, http://www.esds.ac.uk/ (Last Visited on 26th April 2010) International Monetary Fund Website at, http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm (Last Visited on 26th April 2010) For Details of Lead Time and Costs see EIA/DOE Electricity Market Model (2010) at, www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/assumption/pdf/electricity.pdf (Last Visited April 2010) Pindyck 1979, The Characteristics of Energy Demand, in Energy Conservation and Public Policy , (Ed.)J. Sawhill Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Pouris A. (1987) The Price Elasticity of Electricity Demand in South Africa at, http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a739318120 (Last Visited April 2010) Mark A. Bernstein and James Griffin (2005) page 2: Regional Differences in the Price-Elasticity of Demand for Energy Pittsburgh U.S.A.: Rand Corporation ID Note 4 Supra Note 4 Supra Note 4 Mark Lijesen G. The Real-Time Price Elasticity of Electricity in Science Direct Energy Economics 29 (2007) 251 Elsevier at, www.wlsevier.com/locate/eneco (Last Visited on 26th of April 2010) Supra Note 3 page 1 Supra Note 8 page 251 Supra Note 8 page 251 Supra Note 4 page 13 Supra Note 8 page 251 Supra Note Bin Lin Q. (2003) Electricity Demand in the Peoples Republic of China: Investment Requirement and Environmental Impact page 5-6 at www.adb.org/Documents/ERD/Working_Papers/wp037.pdf (Last Visited on 26th of April 2010) Supra Note 3 Subhes B. and Andon B. (unpublished): Domestic Demand for Petroleum Products in MENA countries page 10-11,at, http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/gateway/index.php?category=13 (Last Visited on 26th April 2010) Supra Note 3 page 1271 ID note 18

New commercial landscaping technological processes and restructured Ess

New commercial landscaping technological processes and restructured as a Limited Liability Corporation. Joe's is being considered as a potential business investment, "Business Venture Capital". Buying an existing business can be an excellent way to become a business owner or to expand your present business. You can save time and effort of building a customer and supplier base. You may also avoid the trouble of locating equipment and hiring and training employees. However, you should abide by the Latin slogan which translates "Let the buyer beware." If you are not careful, acquiring an existing business can lead to disaster. (Poznak, 1998) Joe's Landscaping and Tree Trimming (Joe's) began as a small sole proprietorship. In efforts to expand and become a company that investors would be interested in, the company has ventured into new commercial landscaping technological processes and restructured as a Limited Liability Corporation. Joe's is being considered as a potential business investment, however, after reviewing the requirements of the legal due diligence process, it is my recommendation that an investment is not made into Joe's. In the third quarter of 2002, investors pumped $4.5 billion into 647 entrepreneurial companies, a decrease of 26% from the prior quarter, which saw $6 billion of funding to 838 startups. While IT startups consistently gain venture capitalists' attention, software companies continue to gather the largest amounts of cash despite a 10% drop in funding from the prior quarter. Representing 22% of total investment dollars, 180 software companies got funding, totaling $993 million. "Software is once again leading VC back to its roots, being the largest category in all of 2 but the last 10 years," says Tracy Lefteroff, global managing partner of the venture-capital practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers. He says that software companies are a safer bet for investors, as they have lower initial capital requirements and early milestones for achievements. (www.informationweek.com) While startups at all stages are struggling in this down market, the stakes are highest for new companies who want to gain first-time funding. Only 159 entrepreneurs received first-time funding in the third quarter, compared with 214 in the second quarter. Software startups took 30% of that money. Overall, the tightened i... ...ele. Since more revenue dollars are used for labor expenses, it is imperative that management maximizes the productivity they get out of their employees. (www.asbdc.com) It is imperative to mitigate major risks when considering investment opportunities. Potential liabilities are often over looked in the excitement of the investment opportunity. Liability claims from hazardous working conditions and potential environmental concerns makes Joe's a risky investment. More research needs to be done to ensure the company is utilizing environmentally safe products, tools, and is creating opportunities to produce safer materials and processes. References Arkansas Small Business Development Center. (2003, April). Retrieved June 23, 2004, from http://www.asbdc.ualr.edu/bizfacts/8002.asp Cuneo, E. C. (2002, October). More Venture Capitalists Keep Their Wallets Closed. Retrieved June 23, 2004, from http://www.informationweek.com/story/IWK20021028S0010?ls=TW_012803_fea&fb=20030128_software Poznak, J. L. (1998, August). Buying a business: Let the buyer beware. Retrieved June 23, 2004, from http://www.keepmedia.com/ShowItemDetails.do?itemID=203222&extID=10032&oliID=213 New commercial landscaping technological processes and restructured Ess New commercial landscaping technological processes and restructured as a Limited Liability Corporation. Joe's is being considered as a potential business investment, "Business Venture Capital". Buying an existing business can be an excellent way to become a business owner or to expand your present business. You can save time and effort of building a customer and supplier base. You may also avoid the trouble of locating equipment and hiring and training employees. However, you should abide by the Latin slogan which translates "Let the buyer beware." If you are not careful, acquiring an existing business can lead to disaster. (Poznak, 1998) Joe's Landscaping and Tree Trimming (Joe's) began as a small sole proprietorship. In efforts to expand and become a company that investors would be interested in, the company has ventured into new commercial landscaping technological processes and restructured as a Limited Liability Corporation. Joe's is being considered as a potential business investment, however, after reviewing the requirements of the legal due diligence process, it is my recommendation that an investment is not made into Joe's. In the third quarter of 2002, investors pumped $4.5 billion into 647 entrepreneurial companies, a decrease of 26% from the prior quarter, which saw $6 billion of funding to 838 startups. While IT startups consistently gain venture capitalists' attention, software companies continue to gather the largest amounts of cash despite a 10% drop in funding from the prior quarter. Representing 22% of total investment dollars, 180 software companies got funding, totaling $993 million. "Software is once again leading VC back to its roots, being the largest category in all of 2 but the last 10 years," says Tracy Lefteroff, global managing partner of the venture-capital practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers. He says that software companies are a safer bet for investors, as they have lower initial capital requirements and early milestones for achievements. (www.informationweek.com) While startups at all stages are struggling in this down market, the stakes are highest for new companies who want to gain first-time funding. Only 159 entrepreneurs received first-time funding in the third quarter, compared with 214 in the second quarter. Software startups took 30% of that money. Overall, the tightened i... ...ele. Since more revenue dollars are used for labor expenses, it is imperative that management maximizes the productivity they get out of their employees. (www.asbdc.com) It is imperative to mitigate major risks when considering investment opportunities. Potential liabilities are often over looked in the excitement of the investment opportunity. Liability claims from hazardous working conditions and potential environmental concerns makes Joe's a risky investment. More research needs to be done to ensure the company is utilizing environmentally safe products, tools, and is creating opportunities to produce safer materials and processes. References Arkansas Small Business Development Center. (2003, April). Retrieved June 23, 2004, from http://www.asbdc.ualr.edu/bizfacts/8002.asp Cuneo, E. C. (2002, October). More Venture Capitalists Keep Their Wallets Closed. Retrieved June 23, 2004, from http://www.informationweek.com/story/IWK20021028S0010?ls=TW_012803_fea&fb=20030128_software Poznak, J. L. (1998, August). Buying a business: Let the buyer beware. Retrieved June 23, 2004, from http://www.keepmedia.com/ShowItemDetails.do?itemID=203222&extID=10032&oliID=213

Free Essays - Depression in The Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

Depression in The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye by, J.D. Salinger is told through Holden the narrative in the story. The setting of the novel takes place in the 1940's early 1950's. Holden is sixteen years old and he has a lot of problems in his life. He becomes seriously depressed to the point he cannot deal with people and life around him. The 1940's were different from today. However, Holden Caulfield is similar to many other teenagers who go through the same problems. The 1940's were a time of nationalism. Men had to have an appearance of a tough attitude. They were never allowed to let their real feelings show. One of the major reasons Holden becomes depressed is the death of his brother Allie. He described is brother as being nothing but perfect. He keeps this guilt locked up inside him because he blames his death on himself. A memory that haunts him is when he excluded his brother from a b-b gun game. Another memory that he held on to and was never able to forgive himself for was when Allie asked Holden to go bike riding and he didn't go. Holden did not have a good relationship with his Mother or Father. He needed them the most right after the death of Allie. However, we see Holden crying out help and attention when he threw a baseball through the window and broke it and still nobody talked to him. His older brother went off to Hollywood. The only one he adores is his younger sister Phoebe. He is able to talk to her a nd he thought she understood him. He could not deal with reality. He quoted "I am the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life." He couldn't face people not even himself. He drank to make himself feel better but it just made him angrier. Many adolecesents go through the same problems as Holden does. They have no one to turn to. So they dig deeper into this hole and can't face life. However, no matter what, losing a loved one is probably the most painful loss a person can face.

Essay --

Sexual Abuse according to the Mississippi Department of Human services (Services, 2009)is any inappropriate touching by a friend, family member, anyone having on-going contact and/or a stranger. Inappropriate touching could include touching a child in their genital area. Penetrating a child vaginal or orally. Allowing a child to view pornography or perform it. An adult selling a child into prostitution for money, drugs. Have a child engage in oral sex acts. Having an adult masturbating and/or having sexual intercourse in front of a child. Older youth or adults may force a middle childhood child into participating in these acts by threatening them, or people they care about such as their parents (Services, 2009). According to Gateway, Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect,( 2009) not all children that are victims of sexual assault will have behavior problems or difficulties. The victims that do have difficulties coping with the sexual assault are often are emotionally and traumatized by the person who has abused them. There can be both short and long-term effects, which may result from such abuse, including intense shame, low self-esteem, grief, anger, depression, anxiety. They could show signs of mistrust of adults, feelings of anger and hostility, and difficulties in getting along with peers. Younger children may have sleep difficulties, loss of appetite, and generalized fearfulness and anxiety. Abused girls often enter into unhealthy relationships and many become promiscuous. Additionally, if the abuse occurred in middle childhood, ages 6-12, the victim may develop false memories that the abuse ever occurred; be in denial; or be unaware that the type of experience was determin ed to be sexual abuse. According to Mc... ...munities are less than in the larger communities so it is best when in practice to have a list of available resources ready for the needs of the clients. Clients are going to have trust issues and some of the family members could have trust issues especially if the abuser is a trusted family member. When in practice is important to remember this is a traumatic event in their family. Some clients may need more help from the worker than others may. When in practice, if working with a child in the middle childhood, it is essential of the patience and working with that client on their cognitive development. Remember their developmental stages to work on even with this if the victim is developmentally delayed make sure to work on the developmental stage there are cognitively not numerically. Always when preparing to work with clients to work with them on their level.

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Throughout this course, you will use critical thinking to analyze the emergence of new Ideas In science and psychology. Follow these tips to sharpen your critical thinking skills: The Critical Thinking Community. Assignment In this assignment, you will focus on the debate between the personalities and naturalistic positions in scientific history, and how the concept of zeitgeist relates to each of these concepts.You will apply these concepts to the philosophical viewpoints hat directly preceded the emergence of modern psychology. Prepare a paper in which you define the personalities and naturalistic positions in scientific history, and how the concept of zeitgeist relates to these positions. Then, choose one of the following philosophers to focus on Descartes, Comet, Berkeley, Home, Hartley, James Mill, or John Stuart Mill and explain why you think the emergence of his Ideas Is best described by the personality or naturalistic position.To assist you further in putting this in perspec tive, consider the following quote from psychology historian Edwin Boring: â€Å"You get the personalities view when you ignore the antecedents of the great man, and you get the naturalistic view back again when you asked what made the great man great† (Boring, 1950, p. 339). Reference Boring, E. G. (1950). Great men and excellently progress. Proceedings of the American Philosophical society, 94, 339-351. Include in your submission a sample of the grid (see Heads up on the SignatureAssignment) or other note-taking tool that you plan to use as you analyze key ideas in the history of psychology throughout this course. Support your paper with at least one scholarly reference. Your first stop in looking for additional references should be the library guide developed for you for use In this course. Length: 5-7 pages, not Including title and reference pages. Presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect s cholarly writing and current PAP standards.Be sure to adhere to Northwestern University's Academic Integrity Policy. Throughout this course, and other courses here at Northwestern University, you are required to follow PAP form and style when preparing assignments. If you are unfamiliar with PAP form and style, take this tutorial: The Basics of PAP Style. Are you already familiar with PAP form and style? Keep up with the 2010 changes by taking this tutorial: What's New in the Sixth Edition. Upload your assignment using the Upload Assignment button below.

Discuss Berlioz’s Contribution to the Symphony

Discuss Berlioz’s contribution to the symphony Berlioz is often overlooked as an influential composer; however the reality is that he was one of the most important due to his developing ideas of how orchestration could be expanded, how symphonic form could be developed and how music would be written in a programmatic style. Above all this, Berlioz was one of the pioneers of the Romantic period, inspiring through his innovation of ideas such as the ‘idee fix’ and as some saw it, his disregard for the ‘Viennese Architectural Legacy’ and ‘rules of composition’.The ‘idee fix’ was Berlioz’s most famous creation as it enabled him to take a more narrative approach to his composing. This was important as it contrasted from the strongly structured music that had come before him. The  idee fixe is used to unify the disparate elements of the symphony in ‘Symphonie Fantastique’. Another talent Berlioz was gifted wit h was the art of orchestration. Although, it was not an advance that was received well at the time, it had an overarching effect of great significance.Berlioz demonstrated his talent in his first symphony, ‘Symphonie Fantastique’. This work was the first of four symphonies that Berlioz composed. ‘Symphonie Fantastique’ was composed in a programmatic format. Berlioz may well have been the first great composer to not be able to play a musical instrument, nor to have shown any musical talent at an early age. But he persevered, and became interested in different ways to use the orchestra and the different combinations of instrumental sounds.In 1844, he wrote a book on orchestration  which he named, â€Å"Traite de l'Instrumentation† which is still widely appreciated and used today. Berlioz' advances in this area contributed greatly to the growth and development of the modern symphony orchestra. Berlioz was the first composer to closely associate his sy mphonies with extra musical ‘programmes'. He described his ‘Symphonie Fantastique’ as an ‘opera without words'; with each movement vividly describing a different scene of his feelings, often with extreme changes in mood and feeling.The advance of composing program music is the reason why most people regard Berlioz as a romantic. Having said that, Berlioz’s life featured unsuccessful love, dramatic triumphs, and dismal failures, many of the traits most romantics would be associated with. The emotional turmoil of his life is reflected in his music and this is why he was the most innovative symphonist of the early Romantic era, Wagner described his music as ‘devilishly confused musical idiom'. Symphonie Fantastique’ was the first that Berlioz wrote in a programmatic style; however ‘Harold en Italie’ is also another clear example of Berlioz’s symphonic program music. To conclude, Berlioz’s main contributions to the symphony was his creative innovations in both the introduction of the ‘idee fix’ and his advances which contributed greatly to the growth and development of the modern symphony orchestra. It could be argued that a more overarching and significant contribution was the romanticism which he clearly displays in all of his symphonies which paved the way for the later Romantic composers.

Assigned Seating Essay

Would you want an assign seat for everyday you sit at lunch or would want to be able to choose for yourself? In our country we have always had a freedom of choice. The topic the I am going to discuss with you is wether or not you should have assign seats during lunch. Many middle school and high school students disagree on having assign seats. Many agree with it because it is a chance to make new friends or interact with someone you usually do not. I do not think that assign seating is the best way to have lunch when we need sometime to socialize,relax and talk with your friends. For one thing, students will most likely be comfortable when they are next to people they know already. 100% of sample students polled from a local middle school stating that they were in favor of having no assign seating in the cafeteria. After all,it is quite logical that kids will feel more comfortable when they are not fretting about other things. Also, having no assign seating prepares students for the real world. Letting students choose where and with whom they are seated in school prepares them for the future, where they will have to make responsible decisions based on what is best for them, which is one of schools main ideals, or at least should be. In addition, allowing freedom can give them a chance to interact with others. For example, if you had assign seating in your cafeteria you would have to sit next to the same person everyday and you would not be able to talk or interact with different people. Also, there was a kid that was in school that had assign seating and everyday at lunch he go bullied by a kid that was in his table, and because of that he tried to kill himself. Thousands of schools participate in this program and it was successful but not in the school that this poor kid went to. Finally, having the freedom to sit where you like can give you more time to eat. For example, if there is someone in your assign seat and your not the kind of person to get in trouble, you would have to stand there and wait until they move which can take a while and it takes time away from eating and relaxing. One time there was a kid that wanted to eat lunch when someone was in his seat and they did not move, so so the kid had to wait until the other boy moved from his seat and that took up his whole lunch break and he ended up not eating at all. Having assign seating with someone you dislike or do not get along with could end up in an argument or even worse, a fight. Some of the benefits of having assign seating are that kids will not continually wander around the cafeteria looking for a seat, and chocking back tears when no one would let them join a table. Also, the cafeteria would not become ground zero for gossip, bullying, and fighting. If we had assign seats there are many different advantages concerning the stop of bullying, fighting , and arguing. Now, should kids be able to chose there own seats? if they sit in school for 7 hours and do 2-3 hours of homework per night, and even have projects for the weekends, will they also refuse kids from sitting where they like in lunch? To me , assign seating is a definite no, and I strongly disagree with anyone who says that they agree with it.

Regency Plaza Case Study †Risk Management Process, Review of the Options Essay

3. Risk Management Process of the Regency Plaza Project Regency Plaza is a mixed-use multi million US dollar project carrying quite high stakes. So the risks of it should be evaluated beforehand and managed well in order to make sure that the project wouldn’t over run budget or time and end with a successful result. Here we use the â€Å"Four Stage Risk Management Process† to evaluate the risk management happened in Regency Plaza project. 3.1 Risk Identification Evaluation: how well the project was analyzed and source of the risk identified. In the below table we will take a closer look at how well the risk was identified by Kris Hodgkins. Description| Identified/Not| Constraints and Remarks| Size the layout of the floor plate| Identified| Complicated due to condominiums lying over the hotel rooms over a parking garage, which resulted in fixed column spacing and elevator core locations. | Number, mix and size of the condominium units| Identified| BRA approved maximum number of units to be built was 96, which Hodgkins chose opposing Farley, the marketing consultant’s idea of building spacious 72 units because of Hodgkins’ expected performance targets of $134.4 million gross sales and $26 million net profit out of the project.| Time Constraints| Not identified| Project was on a tight schedule as Kelly Constructions was convinced to cut off 03 month from the estimated 32 months of the project duration, with a promise of minimal changes to the original design. Eventually with the allowance of individual customization in the units, customers (i.e Millers) required drastic changes.| Manpower deficiency| Not identified| Neither RHG nor Hodgkins expect customers to require big alterations. But customers did, causing constant changes in the project design decreasing manpower and efficiency of the construction.| Extra Costs and Delays| Not identified| RHG allowed customers to modify their  units as they please as long as they pay for additional cost but customers asked for big modifications, the cost for wasted materials and extra cost for demolition and delays in construction would go upon general contractor since they got the project on fixed sum contract.| External Factors| Not identified| It is mentioned that in later phase in the project, sales were low and the local economy was weakening.| Customer Dissatisfaction/Complaints| Not identified| With the deficit manpower and budget overrun, service became slow causing several buyer complaint s.| 3.2 Risk Assessment Below is a table for assessing the above-identified risks. Risk | Likelihood to occur| Impact| Effect on the project| 1. Issues regarding size of the layout and floor plate| Certain| High| Project design is affected because of the constraints.| 2. Decisions on number, mix and units of condo to be sold| Certain| High| If 96 units of condominiums to be sold, they would need better marketing and excellent finishing touches.If 72 units to be sold, condo sales might not hit targets Hodgkins was supposed to hit.| 3. Time constraints (Project falling behind schedule)| High| High| Delayed project meant extra cost, which can frustrate the General contractor and customers| 4. Manpower deficiency| Medium| High| Deficit manpower leads to slower work completion and project falling behind schedule| 5. Extra costs and delays| Medium| High for General contractor, Medium for RHG and High for the project| As the General contractor works for Fixed Sum Contract extra costs, which exceeds budget, would go from their profit. Delays would cause customer satisfacti on and loss of sales| 6. External factors| Low| Medium| As the target market is wealthy couples, factors like Economy wouldn’t matter much so would not affect sales in a drastic manner| 7. Customer Dissatisfaction| Medium| Medium| This might lead to loss of some sales/ potential customers because Hodgkins’ marketing strategy is word of mouth and dissatisfied customers wouldn’t recommend the condos to their friends/family| 3.4 Risk Response Development As mentioned above, many of the risks were highly likely to occur. Should any of those occur, it’s ultimately project manager’s task to have a contingency plan, which Hodgkins didn’t have. She also made wrong assumptions in the planning phase of the project thinking that customers would require only minimal changes that wouldn’t obstruct construction process. As mentioned above some risks posted threat to Hodgkins marketing strategy as well but she didn’t consider the risks and eventually failed in developing Risk Response program. 3.5 Risk Response Control As a result of not having a Risk Response plan, Hodgkins could not reduce the impact or the effect those events had on the project. It is true that, she had to manage a multi-faceted project but she wasn’t able to even reduce the additional cost, which was occurring due to her planning and marketing failures, and the deadline being overrun due to various delays. 4. Review of The Options Option| Advantages| Disadvantages| Inform the Millers that it’s too late to allow changes| * No extra costs for General contractor * No construction delays * Millers are able to make the changes themselves| * Millers would be dissatisfied * Careful coordination is required * Sprinkler changes could shut down the entire floor| Push through the changes| * Minimizes the work which have to be ripped out * If the cost is acceptable Millers will be satisfied| * It’s expensive to put a unit on hold * Can take several weeks * It could in return increase the cost to a point where Millers will not be happy with the cost| Hire a small general contractor to finish the unit| * Changes required can be done * No extra cost for the general contractor * Construction would not be delayed| * Managing two general contractors * Possibility of violence and vandalism * Could be expensive * Kelly Contractors would give a very small credit for the work done and materials purchased * Arguments over the responsibility of punch list  items| Stop the work on the unit and hand it over to Millers| * Millers are in control of the cost and the work to be done * No extra cost for the general contractor| * Most banks wouldn’t accommodate lending against the unit * Can shrink the target market * Reduces RGH’s control over the project * Impact on continuing construction operations on a building which also held a luxury hotel| Move Millers to a different unit on the higher floor| * Would buy more time * No need to restructure what’s already been applied * Construction of other floors are undisrupted| * There was no identical unit available on a higher floor * Interior designer’s work will go in vain and would have to redesign * Higher floor units are pricier| All options carry advantages as well as plenty of inconveniences but the best option as our point of view would be moving Millers to a different floor Moving the Millers to a higher floor would buy more time so the cost of the changes can be assessed and approved by the Millers. As there’s no interior work done on units on the higher floors there won’t be any requirements to demolish anything or to put construction of other units/floors on hold, which would content the general contractor and also Millers can achieve the changes they want after approving the cost. There will be no wasted materials also. This option is more advantages because it would keep the general contractor content with the project. On a disadvantageous note, there’s the possibility that Millers might refuse the option as units on the higher floors are expensive and not identical with the unit they chose and also if Millers chose the unit, their interior designer might have the rework her designs which would cost Millers more. But given the good points and bad points, this option remains as the most feasible one.

Education - Project Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Education - Project Report - Essay Example The project was a national youth meeting characterised by a series of discussion groups involving young people, policy makers and stakeholder representatives. The activities focused on young people discussing youth mentoring issues and presenting their views on key issues and themes within youth mentoring. The participants included: fifty young people around from the United Kingdom, youth practitioners and experts in the youth issues and policy makers. The mentoring academy acted as the lead partner in planning and facilitating events. Table of Contents Project Report 1 Executive Summary 1 Table of Contents 2 Project Report 3 Participants 3 Context and Origin of the Project 3 Aims and Objectives 4 Methodology 4 Contribution to Non-Formal Learning 5 Involvement 6 Activities-Youth in Action Programme 6 Budget 9 Discussion 14 Responses 14 Achievement of Aims and Objectives 15 Impacts of the Project 16 Intercultural Dimension 16 European Dimension 17 Current Issues with Mentoring 17 Ment oring as a Government Policy 17 Benefit to the Mentees 18 Recommendations 19 Conclusion 19 References 20 Project Report Mentoring is defined as a direct non-judgmental relationship whereby an individual dedicates time to support another person. Youth mentoring is a concept of youth work that is increasingly being incorporated in various youth sectors such as schools, community youth settings and private sectors. The youth mentoring development project provides young people with opportunities to play an active role in improving the efficiency of mentoring programs. The project was a national youth meeting characteriaed by a series of discussion groups involving young people, policy makers and stakeholder representatives. The activities focused on young people to discussing youth mentoring issues and presenting their views on key issues and themes within youth mentoring. Participants The participants included: fifty young people around from the United Kingdom who comprised of 25 males and 25 females; youth practitioners and experts in the youth field i.e. Clapham Park Project, Northumberland Park Community Project, Lambeth Youth Council and Robert Levy Foundation; and policy makers such as Mentoring Academy, Great London Authority (GLA), Mayor’s Children and Young People’s Unit, The Learning Trust, and members of parliament Chuka Ummuna, David Lammy and Diane Abbott. The mentoring academy acted as the lead partner in planning and facilitating events. Context and Origin of the Project The project has originated from collaboration among different practitioners. It was developed by the mentoring academy with the purpose of engaging and supporting youths from the deprived areas of London. Mentoring has established itself as efficient tools in helping young people faced with the dangers of deprivation, enabling them lead a prosperous life. The project has also been populariaed by the fact that most emerging mentoring programs are being led by youth grou ps and increasingly seeking the services of peer mentors. Additionally, minimal research has been conducted on the needs of the mentees and mentors, and standards for mentoring modules yet many practitioners are demanding for this form of standardiaation. This provided the concept within which the project was developed. Aims and Objectives The principle aim of the research was to ensure that the opinions of the youths were incorporated in development of youth mentorship policies. The objectives