Music Has Been Around Since The Creation Of Humans

Music has been around since the creation of humans. It is a sound that to us humans is appealing and it s something that we listen to when we are sad, happy, excited, mad, and etc. There are many types of music, but when i look at the type of music that represents reality the most it is hip hop and rap. Hip hop has been around since the 80s but it has become increasingly popular throughout all of our community. Rap artists started out rapping about where they were from and the life they lived, and eventually it turned into rappers speaking about women, their riches and other social things. Hip hop however for some artists it was a way to express themselves and show us what reality actually was for them. They spoke about things such as police brutality, black rights, natural catastrophes, and many other things that we weren t exposed to, or didn t know about. This is significant because music is heard by everyone, and if that person can make a song that sounds appealing to people, that person could send a message to other people about things happening far away from them. I imagine that rappers started talking about their struggles and it became something that millions of people heard. I imagine that rap started out as story telling and evolved to become music with people speaking about their feelings and much more. Music has become heavily commercialized, and not just hip hop but in other genres as well. People from all over the country are becoming rappers and notShow MoreRelatedMass Media And Its Effect On The Air Waves1546 Words   |  7 Pagesdistribution has been around since the invention of the printing press. (Gerbner, 1999) However, broadcast radio presented a higher level of distribution speed to this process and allowed for an extended reach to consumers. Since its creation, this technology has been controlled by FCC regulations and advertising support, limiting the freedom of the broadcasters so all of the possible listeners are happy. Between the government maintenance and listening trends, the range of music and content onRead MoreEssay on A Critical Response to Vitruvius Alberti1034 Words   |  5 Pages 3rd October 2012 Mikaile Ibrahim FIRMITAS, UTILITAS, VENUSTAS A CRITICAL RESPONSE TO VITRUVIUS amp; ALBERTI Throughout history, the makings of an architect have changed by stark proportions and so did the requirements of the finished creation. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (80 B.C.E), famously known as Vitruvius, wrote in The Ten Books on Architecture of how the architect must possess wide knowledge and expertise in many fields of study, and that his buildings must encompass firmitas [durability]Read MoreA Modern Day Band That Incorporated The Baroque Style Of Music945 Words   |  4 PagesBaroque music started around the 1600s and reflected the theatrical art and music which was popular at the time. During the Baroque era, music was shaped by the magnificent paintings, sculptures, and Catholic Church. Four hundred years later, music still shares some similarities like instrumentation, harmony, and dynamics, while being incorporated into modern day music. Deep Purple was a rock band formed in 1968 who experimented with, and incorporated the Baroque style into their music. However,Read MoreEssay 1254 Words   |  6 Pagesblur (Radnitzky). Since it takes great scrutiny to view individual pieces of this art, some may wonder why Man Ray challenges us with a juxtaposed style. Although it may seem disorienting, he recreates a scene of the woman’s accordion performance by overlapping two photographs to allow viewers to reanalyze the gestures humans make unconsciously. In Radiohead’s Lotus Flower, the dancer suggests that human beings are prone to losing control of their facial and body expressions to music. Fortunately, GiorgioRead MoreAfrican Music Essay1119 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Music When trying to compare and contrast the music-culture and society of the Mbuti and that of the Venda, it becomes difficult to comment on sound when we havent heard any Venda music. Its easy to recognize that for the Mbuti the music embodies the heart of the forest, and for the Venda the relation to nature is the act of a mother giving birth. Thinking about concept and behavior this makes the music performed by the two cultures separate and distinguishable. This is where cultureRead MoreDefining the Humanities Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesDefining the Humanities Defining the Humanities The purpose of this paper is to differentiate the humanities from other modes of human inquiry and expression. I will define the humanities of a cultural event of music and how music was an expression of what I know about the humanities, art, style, genius, and culture from the 60s. I will also discuss how the music of the 60s compares with other forms I know about from the same period. One of the definitions of humanities, according to theRead MoreImportance of Art Education Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe arts are everywhere in our lives and have always been an important part of human daily experiences. The arts also are an enormous economic force in our world from fashion to design to the entertainment business; all are multibillion-dollar industries. Numerous studies have shown a positive correlation between a balanced and comprehensive education in the arts and high student standardized tests. A comprehensive arts education program helps students develop self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperativeRead MoreWearable Art: An Innovation In The Twentieth Century Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesLooking at the broad historical perspective, people have been considering clothing as an elemental demand that cannot be replaced in human life. Clothes have become a typical topic for not only researchers but also students. That was the reason why I had a trip to a museum of Te Manawa and saw many exhibits there about wearable arts. At the first sight I stepped into the arts area, I started to wonder what the artists created these costumes for. I stopped by an exhibit, called â€Å"The Reflection OnRead MoreThe Japanese Music Software Company Crypton1616 Words   |  7 PagesProblem statement This case study was in reflection of the Japanese music-software company Crypton and their most successful product Hatsune Miku - a â€Å"pre-packaged Vocaloid software† that eventually transformed to an internationally recognized Japanese virtual idol thanks to the impressive power of co-creation. Amateur and professional music producers were able to buy this software and use the pre-packaged synthetic vocals to make songs of their own, which were sung by the virtual character HatsuneRead MoreMusic File Sharing: An Ethical Debate Essay examples1090 Words   |  5 PagesWe are different. Living amidst a new era, technology has changed our lives forever. For more than a decade, our generation had commonly been referred to as the â€Å"net generation.† Our fortune brings us life in the age of digital information, where information flows freely and knowledge is infinite. We have embraced the concept of freedom and taken several levels farther than what our forefathers im agined. Whether we realize it or not, we naturally question the unknown and demand answers to our questions

Bp Oil Spill - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1477 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? BP oil spill is ranked as the largest environmental disaster in the world history. As the oil from BP spill washes ashore, people on Gulf Coast are suffering huge damages they have never met before. The U. S. government estimates that up to 60,000 barrels of oil a day are spewing out from the damaged BP drilling rig to Gulf of Mexico. It has ruined the shoreline, killed animal and sea life, threaten the ecosystem and harmed the tourism and fishing in Louisiana. After the spilling happened, US government and BP has been struggling for plugging the hole deep under the water which is known as Top-kill, but failed. Right after the leak happened, the Obama administration has claimed that BP alone has to take the whole responsibility of the oil spill. However, as the oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico continues to grow day by day, some people are starting to ask if President Obama will be blamed for the damage that will result on the shoreline of the Gulf coast? He failed to protec t US waters and people who depend on them. Also, his administration had failed to adequately reform the Minerals Management Service, the scandal-ridden federal agency that for years had essentially allowed the oil industry to do what it planed under self-regulation. There have been people who said that the Obama Administration did not react fast enough and slack in fixing the crisis. BP definitely bears the responsibility of the deep water disaster, but is it the only entity involved in the largest off shore oil spill in US history? In this paper, I shall argue that it is not just BP that bears responsibility for spill, Obama administration is responsible too. BP:   Surely they have to pay all of the damages suffered around Gulf Coast since they have violated the morality in many ways. Firstly, the deepwater disaster is partly due to the company’s own shortage in engineering testing. According to due care theory, manufactures’ responsibility would extend to thr ee areas including design, production and information. The key problem caused leaking is that BP has not exercised enough due care on production area. â€Å"The production manager should control the manufacturing processes so as to eliminate any defective items, identify any weakness that become apparent during production. †(Manuel 2006). BP failed to follow safety regulations as a matter of fact. Right after the spill happened, BP’s diplomat has claimed that there was no one to blame, even the people who worked in the pipe line, their jobs were normally done. If you look for mistakes, you will find some. It was just a freak accident that was not expected from the situation. However, as the investigation went further, more and more evidence has been shown that it was not an accident but negligence. They didn’t do proper testing, for example, BP halted tests on the well lining five days before the explosion and kept oilfield testing firm Schlumberger on standb y, according to NOLA. It had no plans to conduct a cement bond log test, which uses Sonics to identify weaknesses in the cement, known as a gold standard test. Also, Oil rig worker Mike Mason told Huffington Post he observed cheating on blowout preventer tests at least 100 times, including on wells owned by BP. In many cases, Mason says, BP employees were present while subcontractors faked the tests. Obviously, the systems failed and failed badly. BP violated the duty of exercising adequate quality controls over high-tech materials which caused the leaking happened. In addition, BP continually disregards safety and morality for profits. They are against Common sense morality by harming lives around Gulf Coast, for instance, shrimpers and small hotel owner loss their jobs for surviving; a large number of species’ live are threatened. According to Kant theory about â€Å"respect for person† , BP did morally wrong since they did not put human beings in the first , i nstead, what they are looking for is only the profits. BP has a duty to defend the environment they are working with. Referred to Kantian theory, humans have a correlative duty to respect and promote the development of another’s capacity to freely and rationally choose for him. For BP, when they tried to save the cost on drilling, it destroyed the development of others. What they have done is a violation of people’s negative right because people are forced to ruin their career and their normal life. Referred to The Social Cost View, Manufacturer should pay the costs of all injuries caused by defect in a product even if exercised due care. Thus, BP should pay for all of the damages suffered in Golf area. However, it is argued that offshore oil drilling is inherently dirty and dangerous, and the government must establish a permanent moratorium on it in order to protect the citizens living around. But government did not do their job enough. BP should pay for the bil l for its recklessness, while Obama government should take some responsibility at the same time. Obama Administration First, According to Bradford (2010), Obama’s original decision to pursue drilling made the drill more likely to happen. Back to 2008, Democrats had a serious oil problem, gas price were soaring toward $4 per gallon. Pressure had been put on President Obama to respond. In August, he announced he would support new offshore exploration as part of a broader mix of climate and cleaning energy policy. He nominated Ken Salazar to take in charge of this program. And in March of this year, the administration announced a plan to expand offshore oil production. It was intended to get away from the rising gas price this summer and avoid repeat insanity in 2008 summer. Soon after, BP oil spill exploded and millions of gallons of crude started spewing out of Gulf of Mexico. Secondly, Obama administration failed to crack down on the corruption of Bush years-and let the wo rld’s most dangerous oil company get away with murder. Referred to Bradford (2010), the scandal at Minerals Management Service (MMS) is lurid, for example, Employees in the Royalty-collecting wing has been taking thousands of dollars worth of gifts from the oil company they are supposed to oversee. As a result, company has been getting offshore –drilling permits with little scrutiny. For instance, in April of last year, less than a month after BP submitted its application, MMS gave the oil giant the drilling permitting in the Gulf without a comprehensive environmental review. The one-page approval put no restrictions on BP, issuing only a mild suggestion that would prove prescient: Exercise caution while drilling due to indications of shallow gas. Government should not get away from being negligence. Based on Kantian theory, human being should be treated as ends and never used merely as means. It means that each individual has a moral right to be treated as a fr ee person equal to any other person. MMS scandal violates this principle. BP, for example, they will more easily get drilling go-ahead than others due to being an oil giant or offering those managers with high value gift. If it spread, it will definitely slow down US economy. What we have seen so far is the huge disaster from oil spilling. What’s more, Dickson (2010) stated that the administration failed to ensure that BP was well prepared in case some unexpected accident happened. On the surface, a lack of ships and equipment has left more than 100 miles of the coast-including vast stretches of fragile marshlands — covered in crude. Obama has been putting so much trust on oil giants; he said â€Å"I was wrong in my belief that the oil companies had their act together when it came to worst-case scenarios. (Dickson 2010) Thus, his administration should bear the responsibility due to regulation failure. In addition, someone has argued that BP and other oil companies use tier wealth and power to influence government and their policies regarding alternate food, so the blame should be put on BP. I shall argue that the influence and misleading happened is because the government is lack of oil knowledge and experience. In conclusion, it is not fair to let BP alone take the responsibility. In the today’s world, government becomes stronger; they are involved in everything that crucial to the society. As the power gets bigger, their responsibility has expanded at the same time. Also, it is not the first time US has experienced the energy crisis, but there is nothing the administration is doing to end the nation’s thirst for foreign oil. Thus, the responsibility has to be broken down for both Oil Company and government. Bibliography Bradford, Plumer. â€Å"Morning-After Drill† The New Republic 241 Jul. 2010: 8-10 Dickson, Kim. â€Å"The Spill, the Scandal and the President Rolling Stone 1107 Jun 2010:54-63 Manuel G. Velasquez. B usiness Ethics. Toronto : Pearson, 2006 BP oil spill Student number: 3929403 Student name: Jian Yan Seminar: Fri. 3-4 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Bp Oil Spill" essay for you Create order

The Battle Of War And War - 1321 Words

There are many different components to war, far beyond the soldiers and battlefields. Soldiers at war may make the ultimate sacrifice in the sequence of battle, but societies at war deal with the compromise. War requires more non-renewable resources than any other industry in the world, the most abundant of those resources being humans. Since July 4, 1776 the US has been in some sort of conflict for 222 of the 239 years since that day. Humans require more basic necessities than any other living organism on the planet. The resources necessary to support a war are endless and can have massive affects on industry, geopolitical structure, populations, educational institutions, and much, much more. With The US having actively participated in war almost the entirety of its existence, war has been impacting everyone and everything in existence be it living or not. Humans alone, without the resources necessary to participate in war, require at least sustenance and shelter just to sustain lif e. Beyond that there are human needs such as clothing and skills to sustain life within a society. For each of these individuals it is mandatory to obtain one outfit of clothing, one meal a day that is sufficient enough to avoid poor nutrition, one place to sleep. For the women and women of our armed forces these needs are met and merely more. At three meals a day, a place to sleep usually four or more to one room, and three daily outfits including footwear, we can see the military is ratherShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War One was the cause of over eleven million military personnel deaths. Six million of those came from the side of the Triple Entente, or Allies. New fighting strategies that emphasized throwing more and more men into the fight only exacerbated the problem. Military leaders on the side of the Allies failed to adapt and sacrificed the lives of many that could have been avoided. Based on concrete evidence that was collected, this was a major factor in high casualty numbers during the war becauseRead MoreThe Battle Of The War Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesBetween the four years of 1861 and 1865 the United States was engaged in a Civil War. This involved a division between the free North and the slave holding South, where eleven southern states split from the Union, altogether refusing the idea of a single American nation. Abraham Lincoln, who was the president at the time, disapproved of this revolt and had â€Å"500,000 soldiers to crush what threatened to be an aggressive rebellion.† In April 1861, the first shots were fired, and what followed becameRead MoreThe Battle Of The War1146 Words   |  5 PagesUnion mobilized for war, and America starts growing fearsome to what the future would look like. This was the day WWII started, which claimed millions of lives on both sides. Everybody is interested in the action and battles, but what about the production of the war? Without the production of th e arms and food, these battles would not even have happened. The following is what each country in the Allied powers contributed during WWII. Hoping they would not be dragged into the war, American hopes wereRead MoreThe Battle Of The War942 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1899 Conference at The Hague, 59 sovereign states declared that they will abstain from the use of all kinds of diffusing, asphyxiating, or deleterious projectiles in case of an imminent war. But on the 22nd of April 1915, the agreement was disregarded. Germany was engaged in a series of battles against the strongest force of the French. The situation of the battlefield, because of the static trench warfare was alarming for the German commanders. The Oberste Heeresleitung identified that theRead MoreThe Battle Of The War1041 Words   |  5 PagesAs the battle began, most of the Samian fleet deserted. Herodotus isn’t sure about which triremes fled and which didn’t, as the reports he received were confused. The Samians were first in line in battle and once they had set sail for home, the Lesbians who were second in line did the same. The Chians were the most heroic people during this fight. They had contributed one hundred ships to the combined fleet, each containing forty men. This speaks very highly of the Chians. Even though most othersRead MoreThe Battle Of The War Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesall those who had something riding on the outcome of the war. Though they were subjected to different sides of the war, George Washington, King George III of England and William Howe all experienced the hardships and trying times of the year 1776. General George Washington knew that he lacked experience with almost all aspects of the war. He had retired from military life fifteen years before the revolution, and had never led an army in battle, commanded anything more than a regiment or directed aRead MoreThe Battle Of The War918 Words   |  4 PagesIndians come from, Custer was as surprised as McCoy. McCoy’s unit was surrounded by NVA regulars before they knew it, and they where pissed. Nowhere to run or hide they prepared for battle, perhaps their last battle, but you could say that about every battle. They are outnumbered 20 to 1. In the heat of battle one cannot swear who shot or killed whom, it was just constant motion, first very fast, then very slowly. McCoy s arms had become numb from swinging the ax handle he held. Smashing in headsRead MoreThe Battle Of The War1499 Words   |  6 Pagesprepared to take charge towards their enemies (from google images) During this difficult time at war, soldiers have had to spend the last four years of their lives in between narrow walls called trenches. Not only do these soldiers face the extremities of battles, but they also have to survive in these narrow spaces. For these courageous men, living in these trenches meant living in fear. As the war has been mentioned that it is coming to an end, soldiers still have to keep up with their daily routinesRead MoreThe Battle Of The War1498 Words   |  6 PagesConfederates enter the war with a belief that would also sustain them during war years and ultimately shape the south after the war, a durable belief in their invincibility. Even after major turning points of the war, diehard Rebels continued to express a resilient belief in their invincibility. They were unconquerable and they truly stuck it about because they expected to win. Their ethos; beliefs of being highly favored children of God, attitudes of invincibility (homegrown and those spread Read MoreThe Battle Of The War981 Words   |  4 Pages262 jets. In the opening phases of the battle, they would be facing only some 80,000 men, less than 250 pieces of armor and about 400 artillery guns. Many of the American troops were inexperienced; the German force included battle-hardened veterans of the tough fighting on the Eastern Front, but they, too, had green units filled with boys and with men who normally would have been considered too old for military service. During the course of the month-long battle, some 500,000 German, 600,000 American

`` Hunger Of Memory `` By Taghreed Alhaddab Essay

The question of whether education and social mobility have a connection has been around for many years, with people having different views and perspectives on this topic. Some may say the two has no relation at all, while some, like Richard Rodriguez in his autobiography, Hunger of Memory, may presents his argument that education plays a role in social mobility but because of other factors such as affirmative action, obtaining a higher education, after all, does not necessarily mean upward mobility. The purpose of affirmative action, as found in The Consequences of Eliminating Affirmative Action Admission Policies in Minorities’ College Access, written by Taghreed Alhaddab, is to make a substantial progress towards academic justice by providing equality of opportunity for historically undeserved groups (2). To put it simply, affirmative action aims to improve the education of disadvantaged students, the minorities. However, Rodriguez argues affirmative action is not necessary and helpful because instead of truly helping the targeted groups, it actually has led to negative outcomes, changing the definition of education. Because of affirmative action, Rodriguez believes higher education may not always lead one a step closer to upward mobility. In according to his argument that affirmative action is not necessary, Rodriguez argues that affirmative action is becoming more of a racial solution than an academic solution like how it supposed to be (155). Instead of really helping

A Big Change Free Essays

A big change Looking back on a childhood when I was a child, every sound, every move, every event, the first day of happiness, the first date, the first hurt. Everything together made who I am. I was thinking about the memories that was the most Important for me. We will write a custom essay sample on A Big Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is it the day when I met a new friend? Is it the day when I was crushed by someone? Or it is the day when I knew how to say â€Å"Mommy† for â€Å"Money†. It took a lot of time to think about my childhood memories. Every moments were Important for me no matter it good or bad, sad or happy. Suddenly, I asked myself why I changed my mind to like English even if I have never liked it because it was a second language and I thought it was hard and not necessary for me. It was a summer when I played Final Fantasy game for the first time. My older brother recommended me this game. So, I decided to play it. After the game started, I was shocked by the English language In the game and It made me felt like an Dildo. Then, I ran to my bedroom to find a dictionary to translated it. I wanted to know what hey said, thought, and what they want me to do. I had done this every time, every day, every moment playing this game until I found something strange. It wondered me a big surprised this game made my English skill better and I fell in love with learning English. Although, the game was over but I still learning English by playing another game and read many books. This was changed my attitude from Ignorance in English to love it when I realized that I am happy to learn English and I want to say thankful to this game for giving me a good change. How to cite A Big Change, Papers

Securities and Investments Commission Versus Healey

Question: Discuss about the Securities and Investments Commission Versus Healey. Answer: Introduction In business, it is well-recognized that directors should take part actively in the affairs of the corporation, rather than merely grace board meetings. Aside from that, they should demonstrate utmost skills, care and diligence in their functions and power since they are the companies representatives. In the case of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) versus Healey, the judgment of the Federal Court of Australia powerfully reminds directors that they should get actively involved in their firms financial management. Due to this, they may impact the future duty of trustees to practice cognitive skills and care in approving their companys financial reports (Gamertsfelder, 2013, p.519). This report provides the background of ASIC versus Healey case, outlines the duties and responsibilities that directors breach with the reasons for it, and finally discusses and analyzes the courts decision for the case and why they made that choice. Background of ASIC v. Healey Case The matter of ASIC v. Healey [2011] FCA 717 was a trial of the Centro group directors in the Australian Court before Judge Middleton. The issue was a primary concern of the duties of directors of companies to exercise reasonable care and skills following the financial reports of their firms. In October 2009, the proceedings against the Centro directors commenced. Among these directors were two executives former CFO Romano Nenna and former managing director and CEO of the company Andrew Scott, and six non-executive directors Brian Healey, Paul Cooper, Peter Wilkinson, Sam Kavourakis, Peter Goldie and Jim Hall (Centro Case Summary, 2011). On Wednesday 31 August 2011, Judge Middleton handed its penalty decision against the former CFO of the Centro Properties Group (CNP) and Centro Retail Group (CER) and the seven directors (Jacobson, 2011). ASIC on 27 June 2011, declared that each of the defendant directors had violated the statutory duty of care and diligence by signing off the financ ial reports that did not have any significant matters (Asic.gov.au., 2011). At the beginning of the hearing, Romano Nenna confessed that he had breached the Corporations Act as purported by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. The annual reports of CNP and CER in 2007 did not unveil significant matters (Jacobson, 2011). In the case of the Centro Properties Group, the report did not have short-term liabilities amounting to 1.5 billion dollars; instead, they got involved under the non-current liabilities. Besides that, the report did not unveil sureties of short-term liabilities of a concomitant business of approximately 1.75 billion US dollars that got given afterwards. On the other hand, the 2007 annual reports of CER failed to show some amount of short-term liabilities of 500 million dollars categorized as non-current liabilities. According to the Australian Centre for Philanthropy and Non-profit Studies (2011, p.1), the reports gave a false view of the organizations short-term burden of debt. Due to this, the value of the Centro entities and securities extensively reduced. Additionally, Judge Middletons view was that the seven defendant directors did not take the analytical procedures to comply with sect ion 259A of the Corporations Act (Jacobson, 2011). Breached Duties/Responsibilities In the Australian case ASIC v. Healey, the primary concern before the Federal Court was whether the defendants of the Centro Group should use their minds and perform a vigilant review of the recommended financial records of the company and the proposed directors' report (Sharp, 2012, p.335). It is a question to find out whether the information that the reports contain lias with the awareness of the directors of the companys affairs. Besides that, the issue is to determine whether the reports do not leave out the factual problems known to them or those that they should know. With regards to these issues, the Court finds out that the entire board of directors of the Centro Group was found to have failed in its responsibilities by not realizing the exclusion of the billions of dollars of the short-term debts in the financial reports as mentioned in the background of the case (Giordano, 2011, p.393). Middleton finds out that the directors failed to implement their obligations according t o the duty of care and diligence as required under sections 180 (1), 344(1) and 601FD(3) of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (Walmsley Puri, 2011; Lowry, 2012, p.251). 344(1): ASIC purported that the directors breached this section of the Corporations Act by failing to take the required sensible procedures to comply with the specific financial reporting duties contained in ss.295A, 296, 297 and 298. Ss.295A states that the declaration of directors according to the financial statements under s.295 must make inquiries after the CEO, or the CFO have declared the directors in the form specified in the Act (Centro Case Summary, 2011, p.1). S.296 requires that financial reports must act in agreement with the accounting standards. S.297, on the other hand, requires that the financial data should provide an accurate and fair view of the financial performance, as well as the financial position of the company. S.298 calls for inclusion of some specific data in the annual report of directors. 180(1): ASIC also said that the defendants had violated section 180(1) of the Corporations Act. It calls for company directors to practice their authorities and liberate their responsibilities with an amount of care and diligence that any sensible individual would do if they were an officer in the circumstances of a firm (Lowry, 2012, p.253; Healey, 2012). 601FD(3): Replying to the same conduct as that of s.344(1), ASIC also purported that the defendant directors also breached Section 601FD(1)(b). This part has the same duties for the officers of the accountability unit of a registered scheme (Centro Case Summary, 2011, p.2). Reasons for their Breach The violation of responsibilities was a failure to make sure that the data in the financial reports were in line with the accounting standards. However, it gets expected that the directors, especially the non-executive directors may have a small degree of professional financial and accounting acquaintance (Walmsley Puri, 2011). Nonetheless, the Court still finds out that the omitted liabilities were well-known to the directors, or if not well-known to them, were matters that should have been well-known to them (Walmsley Puri, 2011, par.11). According to the Court, if the defendants carefully deliberated the financial statements in their knowledge of the affairs of the entity with its financial position, each of the defendant directors would have realized the missing significant amount of short-term liabilities and question the error. Since the duty of care is to be demonstrably well thought-out, the Federal Court deliberated that the duty of competence calls for directors to read a nd comprehend the financial statements, together with what the concepts of the current and non-current liabilities imply (Walmley Puri, 2011, par.12). Given that, according to Walmsley Puri (2011), the directors subjectively believed and knew that the duty of competence required of them was irrelevant. Consequently, they argue that their reason for the breach of the Corporations Act was that it was abnormal for the NEDs to personally question the financial records prepared by knowledgeable accounting members and acclaimed by skilled auditors who are masterminded by the experienced audit committee. Judge Middleton, on 27 June 2011, handed down his verdict that each of the defendant directors knew about the current interest bearing liabilities and guarantees. Besides that, they knew, or say; they should have been conscious of the relevant accounting principles which would have forewarned them of the ostensible error in the proposed financial statements. Due to this, the judge decided that the defendants: Did not take all the required sensible procedures to concentrate and ponder the contents of the financial records by themselves, predominantly as to short-term liabilities, as well as whether the guarantees should have been made open. Did not make inquiries of the other directors, the board audit committee, or the management as to the proposed data in the Groups financial records concerning the short-term liabilities and guarantees. In addition to that, they failed to correct the apparent errors. Lastly, they did not appeal that the directors be given affirmations according to s.295A of the Corporations Act. From these findings, Judge Middleton decided that each of the defendants did not abide by the duty of care and diligence meant for the company. As a corollary, they breached ss.180(1) and 601FD(3), and at the same time they did not follow the required steps to make them comply with the financial recording duties in the Act contravening s.344. Aside from that, the judge also held that ss.180(1) and 601FD(3) duties of the Act also got violated by the former CFO. Thus, the Court fined the former CEO, Mr. Andrew Scott $30,000, disqualified the former CFO, Mr.Nenna from working with companies for two years, rejected the applications of directors to be exonerated from their contraventions and the defendant directors got ordered to pay costs of action for ASIC. Middleton sums up that when any director gets faced with a financial statement, he or she has a responsibility to take a keen and intelligent interest in the available information, understand it and put on an inquisitive mind to the obligations to be found upon him or her (Downie, 2011). Such a duty comes when the director proceeds to adopt and approve the financial statements. As a result of the reports nature and relevance, the directors get obliged to comprehend and focus on the reports' contents and if necessary, further enquire if the problems revealed in the records need such inquiries. Following the directors' reason for breach and Middletons decision, the court agreed that the NEDs had followed the habitual doings to approve their financial reports. In practice, it is not common for a NED or an audit committee to do something wrong for it to adhere to the accounting standards (Dunn, 2011, p.482). However, the Court decided that the role of the audit committee of monitoring the financial reporting does not exclude the role of directors from taking action to the financial statements. In this regard, the Court did not assert that the directors had to know all the accounting standards, but it was reasonable that they should be sufficiently aware and knowledgeable about what should be adopted or approved (Bonner, Hunt Watson-Dunne, 2014, p.557). It was "not about a mere technical oversight" to accept the financial reports in question (Centro Case Summary, 2011, p.2; ASIC v. Healey, 2011, p.1). The omissions in the reports have an important impact on the shareholders and the share market. It would also be difficult to assess the risks without the omitted data. For that reason, according to Walmsley Puri (2011), the directors should not have argued blindly relying on the declaration from the external auditors that the financial records were pertinent. Moreover, a reasonable director would have confirmed the exactitude of each data in the reports (Walmsley Puri, 2011, par. 17). They would also go through the statements correctly together with the available information, which would have shown them the momentous misclassification of the short-term liability of the entity (Venus, 2016, p.28; Smith, 2016, p.541). Reason for the Decision in view of the Corporations Act Judge Middleton states that his reason for his decision was a consideration of the issue of general deterrence (asic.gov.au, 2011). The Court has tried to identify the seriousness of the contraventions and consider the circumstances in which they took place, the general behavior of the directors, and the influence of the drawbacks executed on the defendants. The judge made the decision to provide a significant direction and trend of the corporate accountability of directors and the companys management. Besides, it wanted to have a significant effect on the liability judgment. Conclusion Therefore, to conclude with, ASIC v. Healey case validates that most courts take directors of public entities as the shareholders representatives of their companies. Accordingly, they should apply their skills and experience to evaluate, oversee, and may be, a challenge to ensure the management fulfills their duty of care in an efficient manner. Therefore, directors should read, understand and analyze the companys financial records by applying the knowledge they have in their positions as leaders. Ultimately, irrespective of jurisdiction, all leaders should take this case as an aide memoire to them that their role is a receptive one and not passive. Reference List Asic.gov.au. (2011). 11-188MR Centro civil penalty proceedings | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. 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